| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. |
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| wile |
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| PRONUNCIATION: |  w l |
| NOUN: | 1. A stratagem or trick intended to deceive or ensnare. 2. A disarming or seductive manner, device, or procedure: the wiles of a skilled negotiator. 3. Trickery; cunning. | | TRANSITIVE VERB: | Inflected forms: wiled, wil·ing, wiles
1. To influence or lead by means of wiles; entice. 2. To pass (time) agreeably: wile away a Sunday afternoon. | | ETYMOLOGY: | Middle English wil, from Old North French, from Old Norse v l, trick, or of Low German origin. | | SYNONYMS: | wile, artifice, trick, ruse, feint, stratagem, maneuver, dodge These nouns denote means for achieving an end by indirection or deviousness. Wile suggests deceiving and entrapping a victim by playing on his or her weak points: “He did not fail to see/His uncle's cunning wiles and treachery” (William Morris). Artifice refers to something especially contrived to create a desired effect: “Should the public forgive artifices used to avoid military service?” (Godfrey Sperling, Christian Science Monitor June 14, 1994.) Trick implies willful deception: “The … boys … had all sorts of tricks to prevent us from winning” (W.H. Hudson). Ruse stresses the creation of a false impression: Your pretended deafness was a ruse to enable you to learn our plans, wasn't it? Feint denotes a deceptive act calculated to distract attention from one's real purpose: One person bumped into me as a feint while the other stole my wallet. Stratagem implies carefully planned deception used to achieve an objective: The manager used ruthless stratagems to win the promotion. Maneuver often applies to a single strategic move: “To this day they always speak of that Reform Bill as if it had been a dishonest maneuver” (The Standard). Dodge stresses shifty and ingenious deception: “‘It was all false, of course?’ ‘All, sir,’ replied Mr. Weller, ‘ … artful dodge’” (Charles Dickens).
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| The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
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