With the aid of labels identify the following on each of the molecular orbitals below the nuclei (use arrows) the nodal plane (use a dashed line) the bond axis (i) (ii) (iii) Identify each of the molecular orbitals below as bonding or anti-bonding 0000
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- Molecule C shown below contains a group called an allene. An allene has the structure of one central carbon being doubly bonded to two other carbons (C=C=C). Please draw out all of the p-orbitals that are involved in the pi-system for molecule C. b) The p-orbital on carbon 1 in molecule C are not in conjugation with the p-orbital on carbon 2 (ie the p- orbitals are not pointing in the same direction and there is no overlap). Why does this happen?4. Answer the following question(s) concerning sulfathiazole, below. Furan 4(a) What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in sulfathiazole? = 4(b) Assuming that the oxygen atom is sp²-hybridized, how many Tr-electrons are there in the furan ring? = 4(c) Does Furan cyclic, planar, conjugated and has six T- electrons following the Huckel's rule? Yes or No = 4(d) Does Furan is aromatic? Yes or No = :O:Explain how covalent bonds are formed in each of the following compounds in terms of orbital hybridisation and overlap of orbitals (i) Ethene, C2H4 (ii) Ethyne, C2H2 Can you add text explanation because this is essay-type question. Thanks
- 5. In an IR spectrum, the x axis represents wavenumber of the light being absorbed by bond vibrations. The wavenumber is (B) directly proportional to the frequency. (A) directly proportional to the wavelength. (C) inversely proportional to the energy of the wave. (D) None of the above.2. Prepare a molecular orbital energy-level diagram for the cyanide ion c) Which molecular orbital of CN¯ would you predict to interact most strongly with a hydrogen 1s orbital to form an H - C bond in the reaction CN +H* → HCN? Explain.(a) Identify which atomic orbitals are used to construct the specified o bonds: Bond a is: b Bond a is: OH bond b is: Identify which orbital is used to construct the л-bond at the marked atom. (b) Identify which atomic orbitals are used to construct the specified & bonds: a and bond c is: OH bond b is: and bond c is: Identify which orbital is used to construct the л-bond at the marked atom.
- Draw a 3D representation of the molecule penta-1,2,3,4-tetraene using the following EXPLICIT instructions: sigma bonds in the plane of the paper are normal lines, sigma bonds or orbitals projecting in front of the page are heavy lines, sigma bonds or orbitals projecting behind the page are dashed lines, and pi bonds are shown by drawing the lobes of the p-orbitals and indicating the overlaps. What is the hybridization of each atom (except H) in this molecule?7. Draw a picture showing the orbitals involved in the bonds only of the following. Hint: first draw the full Lewis Structure! (a) CH3CN (b) CH₂=CHCH₂CH=O(b) (ii) types of bonds between carbon and nitrogen a character in character (iii) type of orbital that contains the lone electron pair on nitrogen ++* H H- (1) hybridization of C and N C [References]
- The ground-state electron configuration of the H; molec- ular ion is (og15)'. (a) A molecule of H absorbs a photon, promoting the electron to the os molecular orbital. Predict what happens to the molecule. (b) Another molecule of H absorbs even more energy promoting the electron to the o,2, molecular orbital. Predict what happens to this molecule.661 10. Use the dash-wedge method to draw the 3-D structure of ammonia. a) What is the name of this type of structure? Trigonal Pyramidel b) What is the hybridization state of the N? S २० 11. Label all the nitrogens as 1º, 2º, or 3° then place the following labels on the molecules: (Aromatic or Nonaromatic) and (Amine or Amide). Aminc Aromatic 2⁰ 030 Amide nonaromatic N H-N-H Z-H More acidic hydrogens are present in pyrrole. 00 H-N-H CH3 10 Model 3: Amine Alkylation H N. CH₂CH3 CH₂2CH3 H-N-CH3 Br-CH3 BJ CH3 Br-CH3 Br-CH3 nonaromatic fast RXN 1A faster RXN 2A fastest Amine Nonoromatic RXN 3A NH₂ 12. Which of the following aromatic compounds (pyridine or pyrrole) is more basic? Explain. (Hint-think about the hybridization of each atom) N +! H-N-H CH3 -Z-H H (+)ī H-N-CH₂ CH3 2⁰ NH₂ 30 I I-Z: Aminc nonaromatic H IZ H N H-N-H 30 Amine Aromatic H-N-H CH3 0 H +i H3C-N-CH, H-N-CH3 CH3 CH3 O NH N. RXN 1B RXN 2B 4\\\\ RXN 3B २० ភ H-N-H 1 CH3 -H NH Amine Non-aromatic bb b po IZ Amine Nonaromatic…Hybridization. (a) For acetone (shown below), give the electronic configuration as a function of energy and show how the orbitals are modified to explain sp² hybridization on the carbonyl oxygen. (b) Place the appropriate number of electrons into the hybridized orbitals to explain the bonding (geometry and types of orbitals) around the oxygen atom. (c) Describe the bonding to justify the sp² hybridization of the oxygen atom. I C