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Which of the options below provides a reason why the covalent radius of hafnium (1.44 Å) is less than that of zirconium (1.45 Å), even though the element above it in the periodic table? A. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4d10 configuration due to the transition metals. This leads to much greater Z* because the d electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Scandide contraction. B. Hf being below Zr suggests that it will have a smaller atomic radius because the trend shows a decrease going down a group. C. Hf is below Zr and has a smaller ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity compared to Zr. This reduces its atomic radius, thus leading to it having a smaller atomic radius compared to that of Zr. D. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4f14 configuration due to the Lanthanides. This leads to much greater Z* because the f electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Lanthanide contraction.

Which of the options below provides a reason why the covalent radius of hafnium (1.44 Å) is less than that of zirconium (1.45 Å), even though the element above it in the periodic table? A. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4d10 configuration due to the transition metals. This leads to much greater Z* because the d electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Scandide contraction. B. Hf being below Zr suggests that it will have a smaller atomic radius because the trend shows a decrease going down a group. C. Hf is below Zr and has a smaller ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity compared to Zr. This reduces its atomic radius, thus leading to it having a smaller atomic radius compared to that of Zr. D. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4f14 configuration due to the Lanthanides. This leads to much greater Z* because the f electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Lanthanide contraction.

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Chapter6: Electronic Structure And The Periodic Table
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 56QAP: Which of the four atoms Na, P, Cl, or K (a) has the largest atomic radius? (b) has the highest...
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Which of the options below provides a reason why the covalent radius of hafnium (1.44 Å) is less than that of zirconium (1.45 Å), even though the element above it in the periodic table? A. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4d10 configuration due to the transition metals. This leads to much greater Z* because the d electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Scandide contraction. B. Hf being below Zr suggests that it will have a smaller atomic radius because the trend shows a decrease going down a group. C. Hf is below Zr and has a smaller ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity compared to Zr. This reduces its atomic radius, thus leading to it having a smaller atomic radius compared to that of Zr. D. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4f14 configuration due to the Lanthanides. This leads to much greater Z* because the f electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Lanthanide contraction.
Transcribed Image Text:Which of the options below provides a reason why the covalent radius of hafnium (1.44 Å) is less than that of zirconium (1.45 Å), even though the element above it in the periodic table? A. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4d10 configuration due to the transition metals. This leads to much greater Z* because the d electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Scandide contraction. B. Hf being below Zr suggests that it will have a smaller atomic radius because the trend shows a decrease going down a group. C. Hf is below Zr and has a smaller ionisation energy, electron affinity and electronegativity compared to Zr. This reduces its atomic radius, thus leading to it having a smaller atomic radius compared to that of Zr. D. Between Zr and Hf lies the 4f14 configuration due to the Lanthanides. This leads to much greater Z* because the f electrons are so poor at shielding. Thus Hf is smaller than expected for an element in a higher shell than Zr, called the Lanthanide contraction.
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