Which of the following types of physical mutagens produces thymine dimmer mutations? A- gamma rays B- X-rays C- ionizing radiation D- ultraviolet light E- microwave
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- Fill the Table with mutagenic agents and provide their type (physical, chemical, biological) and their classification based on their effect (teratogenic, carcinogenic, clastogenic, or non-specific), together with their modes of action. Mutagen Type of Mutagen Classification based on effect Action UV – radiation X-Ray radiation Virus Heat 5-bromouracil Ethidium bromide 2-aminopurine Acridine orange Proflavine Cobalt Nickel Methylhydrazine Temozolomide Ethyl ethane sulfateDiscuss the consequences of a germ-line versus a somatic mutation.Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV radiation?
- A neutral mutation is, by definition, a mutation that does not result in the change of the encoded amino acid sequence of a gene. 1)True 2)FalseDefine these types of mutation: Inversion Insertion Translocation Deletion DuplicationSome mutations affect changes in protein structure and function that can result in disease whereas other mutations have no significant effects on protein structure and function. Please explain reasons for the above mentioned statement. Human civilization has resulted in a large number of potentially mutagenic chemicals (e.g. pesticides) and has changed the environment to increase the likelihood of encountering other mutagens, especially UV radiation. What roles should the authorities play in identifying mutagens and regulating their release into the environment?
- Explain how a mutagen can interfere with DNA replication to cause a mutation. Give two examples.You have a patient in your clinic presenting symptoms of cystic fibrosis. You screen their CFTR gene for mutations, and find the following list: CFTR 320 L V CFTR 341 S W CFTR 528 E D CFTR 976 F Q CFTR 1235 S R Which mutation(s) are likely causing cystic fibrosis in this patient? You also sequence a newborn family member of this patient. They have all of these same mutations, other than the one at position 976, and no other mutations in CFTR. Do you predict this person will develop cystic fibrosis? Explain why.1) A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors. All BUT ONE of the statements below correctly describes or explains genetic mutations. A) Mutation can disrupt normal cell activity and cause diseases, like cancer. B) Mutations in parents' cells are then passed down to offspring via reproduction. C) Our cells can recognise any potentially mutation-causing damage and repair it before it permanent. D) Mutations can occur as the result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, toxins and radiation.
- Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?Two types of mutations discussed in this chapter are (1) nucleotide changes and (2) unstable genome regions that undergo dynamic changes. Describe each type of mutation.Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development. A) acquired B) inherited C) silent D) transition