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- Prairie dogs are small mammals that live in large colonies in burrows in the ground. Prairie dogs that are near their own relatives when a predator approaches are much more likely to issue a warning bark than those that are near unrelated prairie dogs. The prairie dogs that heara warning bark are more likely to hide in their burrows than to remain above ground. However, the prairie dog that gives the warning bark is putting itself at increased risk of being identified and killed by the predator.Which of the following presents the most likely evolutionary explanation for the behaviors described? * d 2 thool The barking prairie dog is alerting unrelated prairie dogs to the predator, so it is not giving any advantage to its own relatives. The failure of the individual to bark when surrounded by unrelated prairie dogs ensures survival of the individual. The warning bark changes the behavior of the related prairie dogs nearby, allowing the prairie dog's t have increased survival and…1) In the following scenarios determine if the communication scenario is deceit, mutuality, eavesdropping or spite. Be sure to justify your answer. a) Male guppies have red spots to attract mates. The redness comes from the diet of the male. Females prefer redder males when choosing a mate. b) In some species of frogs, smaller males will cue in on a larger male’s calls and try to intercept females before they reach the calling male. c) In some colonies of Argentine ants, workers will kill off males in order to bias the sex ratio so there are more females within the colony. d) The parasitoid wasp Pachysomoides fulvis will absorb the colony smell and will be able to move freely on the nest of the social wasp Polistes and lay its eggs in the cells of the host wasp’s nest..There are three chief ideas of the handicap principle: 1) Animals communicate with éach other throughn sigi must be honest, and 3) honest signals are expensive. Stotting behavior (up and down jumps gazelles exhibit when they spot a predator before the gazelle runs away) often results in the predator leaving before it attacks, presumably because the predator knows it won't easily catch that gazelle. This clearly is an example of the handicap principle based on the three ideas. True False
- Research about the saber-tooth tiger. a. species of animal b. location of animal (state or country) c. the animals status (extinct, endangered, threatened, etc.) d. reason for status (why is animal extinct, endangered, threatened, etc.) e. type of habit need for survival f. conservation efforts on the animals behalf g. prospects for the future of this animalDo the following two hypothesis supports their graphs? Explain. Figure 1: The hypothesis for novice vs. experienced foraging is that animals who have been foraging for ages should have a greater chance of survival than beginner foragers since they are more skilled and invest less time looking for food. Figure 2: The hypothesis behind the impact of Prey camouflage is that if animals, especially novice foragers, take too much time searching, they are visible to predators for long durations, providing a better chance to attack.Behavior influences how organisms experience the environment and thus patterns of natural selection on behavioral traits. Which of the following examples is consistent with this statement? Some lizards in complex tropical forests prefer to hang out on tree trunks and branches, rather than the ground substrate, which has resulted in selection for shorter relative limb length and toe pads that can cling to bark. Ground-burrowing mammals experience greater exposure to dust and increased selection on their respiratory system to filter these particulates. Specialist parasitoids only target a handful of different host/prey types, resulting in a predictable resource and less selection on the ability to learn new resources All of the above Imagine that scientists have just discovered a weird new marine tunicate at extreme depths of the ocean. They have a novel kind of neurotransmitter – maritonin – that binds to the “maritonin” receptor, which is permeable to negatively charged iodine ions…
- If you wanted to reduce numbers of kudzu bugs using pesticides, it would be important to take steps to reduce the risk of their developing resistance to the chemicals used. True FalseFill in the types of coloration or mimicry: used by prey to signal that it is distasteful:_________ ; used by a moth with large eyespots on its wings:________ ; mimicry of a poisonous animal by a nonpoisonous animal:________; mimicry used by a predator to attract its prey:_________ .The yellow perch is a fish found in freshwater lakes. It is a generalist predator, consuming a variety of prey species, including crayfish, small fish, insect larvae and snails. You examine the predation rate of yellow perch on snails, and obtain the following data. Identify the type of functional response, and a plausible reason for why it has that type of response. 60- 40- 20- Perch Predation Rate
- forest sites than in forest fragments, whereas there were no significant differences between fragments of different sizes. These results provide further evidence for the effects of habitat size on the phorid-Acromyrmex system in a tropical rain forest, based on the abundance of parasitoids both as adults in the field and as reared immature phorids in the laboratory. Phorid parasitized leafcutter ants were most abundant in areas of continuous forest, and less abundant in the forest fragments. O Phorid flies are important parasitoids of leafcutter ants nd leafcutter ants can be found in Brazil's Southeastern Both phorid flies Atlantic Forest. The study provides evidence that this parasitoid-host interaction between phorid flies and leafcutter ant differs between continuous forest and forest fragments. Phorid flies were just as abundant in forest fragments as they were in continuous forest, but were less successful in parasitizing leafcutter ants.1) In deciding whether to feed, a foraging individual must balance its potential energy gains against the risk of being eaten. Question 1 options: True False 2) The type of mimicry in which many unpalatable or venomous species share a similar color pattern is called __________. Question 2 options: warning mimicry Batesian mimicry induced mimicry Bolderian mimicry Müllerian mimicry 3) A predator's __________ is the relationship between the per-capita rate of prey consumption and prey density. Question 3 options: density response functional response predatory efficiency numerical response lethality 4) Predator-prey systems…The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), has declared 418 animal species in the Philippines to threatened: meaning they are either vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered. What small steps that you can do to save these animals?