The dorsal fin of a dolphin (class Mammalia), and the dorsal fin of a shark (class Chondrichthyes), both of which are specializations for vertical stability during high velocity swimming, even though they come from different embryological structures, represent: analogous structures due to convergent evolution homologous structures following convergent evolution analogous structures due to parallel evolution homologous structures following parallel evolution all of the above

The dorsal fin of a dolphin (class Mammalia), and the dorsal fin of a shark (class Chondrichthyes), both of which are specializations for vertical stability during high velocity swimming, even though they come from different embryological structures, represent: analogous structures due to convergent evolution homologous structures following convergent evolution analogous structures due to parallel evolution homologous structures following parallel evolution all of the above

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD: The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular...

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The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the argument that humans are more evolutionarily related to fish than they are to insects? All these organisms require oxygen to survive. The earliest fish fossils are found in the lowest strata of sedimentary rocks, followed by insects, and then humans. The early stages of embryo development in fish and humans look strikingly similar while insects develop very differently compared to both fish and humans. Fossils of ancient fish and human ancestors have been discovered in the same sedimentary rock layers.
Flight evolved two times among the animals in this phylogenetic tree; once in birds, and once in bats (mammals). The branches on which flight evolved are marked. Please click where flight would have most likely evolved if it were actually a homologous character Targets placed: 0/1 You can place up to 1 targets Flight Undo Flight Delete selected Hagfish Lampreys Lobe-finned Fish Amphibians Turtles Lizards Snakes Crocodiles Birds Mammals Remove All
human frog bat porpoise horse These vertebrates have the same basic arrangement of bones. Which row below identifies the term used, in an evolutionary sense, to describe the arrangement of bones and provides a correct definition for this term? The statement above is best completed by the answers in row: Row Term Definition analogous structures body parts that perform similar functions even though the organisms do not have a common evolutionary origin body parts that perform similar functions even though the organisms do not have a common evolutionary origin homologous structures homologous structures structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function analogous structures structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function
Which of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Wings are a highly valuable structure for any species as they increase survivorship and dispersal capabilities. Insect wings are hypothesized to have evolved from dorsal extensions from their thorax that, over generations, were selected for as they helped to absorb solar energy, aiding in thermoregulation. AS mutations continued to accrue, muscles attached to those flaps, making them more motile, and uitimately setting the foundation for wingS. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch ll, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles jaws, the articular and the quadrate…
Which of the following conclusions is most consistent with the information in the evolutionary tree shown below? Each branch point represents the common ancestor of the two lineages diverging from that point. Lungfishes Amphibians Mammals Digit-bearing limbs Lizards and snakes Amnion Crocodiles A hatch mark represents a homologous characteristic shared by all the groups to the right of the mark. Ostriches Feathers Hawks and other birds O Mammals are more closely related to birds than to amphibians. O Lizards and crocodiles (both of which have legs) are more closely related to each other than either is to snakes (which lack legs). O Crocodiles are more closely related to hawks than to lizards. O Modern lungfishes are the common ancestor of modern tetrapods. Tetrapods Amniotes Reptiles Birds
Define the following terms: divergent evolution, convergent evolution, analogous structures, homologous structures
Structures in two different species may be similar because of either of two very different reasons. Describe these two reasons. You must use all four of the following terms in your explanation: homologous structures, analogous structures, convergent evolution, and divergent evolution
This phylogenetic tree shows that: All of these Elephants evolved from hyraxes. Tapirs are the most highly evolved mammals in this group. Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cetaceans than they are to pigs. Pigs are the common ancestors of cetaceans and hippopotamuses.
The similar appearance between elephants and mammoths is likely a product of: convergent evolution divergent evolution artificial selection parallell evolution artificial evolution
If the DNA sequence of an evolutionarily conserved gene is aligned for the animals in the phylogenetic tree shown, which two animals would expect to have the LEAST sequence similarity? Placentals Marsupials Birds, Crocodiles Lizards, Snakes Turtles Amphibians (Frogs, Salamanders Lobe-finned fishes (Lungfishes) Ray-finned fishes (Gars, Sturgeons) Cartilaginous fishes (Sharks) Lampreys Hagfishes O a) Frogs and Salamanders
What does Figure 1.7 imply about the concept of evolution and relatedness of certain animals? * Fish Salamander Tortoise Chick Pig Rabbit Human Early Late Figure 1.7 Species that are closely related exhibit similarity in embryonic development. Species that are closely related exhibit similarity in fossil records. Species that are closely related exhibit similar internal framework. Species that are closely related exhibit similarity in amino acid sequence.