Some toxins block the synthesis of mRNA or proteins. Why would this effect be toxic, and how could it be used in the laboratory?
Q: Align the nonapeptide digest fragments in the proper order, from the amino terminus to the carboxyl…
A: Enzymes called as proteolytic enzymes break the peptide bonds within the polypeptide sequence. The…
Q: Question 3 The amino acid histidine is very important biologically and can also be used as a buffer.…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group linked to…
Q: Name of Enzyme Class Number of Enzyme Reaction Catalysed Hexokinase Phosphorylates glucose…
A: Glycolysis is a pathway that converts glucose molecules into energy by breaking into pyruvate…
Q: 4. What are the ABSORBABLE units of EACH of the FOUR Biological Molecules (Macromolecules) called?…
A: Macromolecules are large complex molecules which is formed from the polymerization of thousand of…
Q: Regulation of the Citric Acid Cycle
A: TCA (Tricarboxylic acid) cycle is the major energy yielding metabolic pathway utilized by lifeforms.…
Q: You run an experiment using 0.5 µM of an enzyme. The kinetic parameters for your enzyme are kcat =…
A: Turnover number (kcat) is the maximum number of substrate molecules that are converted to product…
Q: In site-directed mutagenesis experiments of an enzyme, scientists altered an aspartate residue to…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group a carboxyl group and a side group attached to…
Q: What is test for carbohydrates and why is it important?
A: Introduction. There are four different types of biomolecules present in our body, carbohydrate,…
Q: The gene encoding the E. coli enzyme enolase begins with the sequence ATGTCCAAAATCGTA. What is the…
A: The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA and then RNA to protein is called central dogma. It…
Q: The typical human adult uses about 160 g of glucose per day. Of this, the brain alone uses 120 g.…
A: Fatty acids from triacylglycerols also should include in answer. After the glucose reserve has been…
Q: In the traditional alkaline lysis method, what is the purpose of Solution 1? For what is its use?
A: In the traditional alkaline lysis method for plasmid DNA isolation, Solution 1 (also called…
Q: Assuming the average weight of a deoxynucleotide monophosphate (dNMP) is 327.0 g/mol, how many…
A: Nucleic acids primarily act as transmitters and stores genetic information. DNA is the chemical…
Q: You undertake a research project with your favorite biology professor to analyze the behavior of an…
A: Enzymes are biocatalyst which are mostly proteinaceous in nature. Enzymes catalyze by increasing the…
Q: please answer and expalin in detail Please provide only typed answer solution no handwritten…
A: The citric acid cycle (also known as the TCA cycle or Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions…
Q: Please can you answer these questions regarding the “Evaluation of the thiol content of a selection…
A: Evaluating the thiol content of a selection of proteins involves measuring the concentration of…
Q: The Neanderthal nuclear genome: A. Shows that Neanderthals inherited their ability to flake stone…
A: Homo neanderthalensis, or Neanderthal man, is an extinct human species that inhabited Europe and…
Q: Given the amino acid chain below, get the (a) translation strand, (b) transcription strand strand,…
A: Amino acids - are building blocks of proteins and alpha carbon of amino acids contains amine group,…
Q: Sketch the UV-Vis spectrum of each pure protein (A, B, C, and D) from 240 - 480 nm if they were all…
A:
Q: When the disaccharide is hydrolyzed, monosaccharide units that are produced are
A: Carbohydrates are organic biomolecule composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. Saccharides includes…
Q: Create an illustrated step-by-step schematic diagram of the following Analysis of Lipids:…
A: Lipids are compounds that are made up of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms. Lipids are non-polar…
Q: 13. In the last step of the absorption-elution method only type B cells cause an agglutination…
A: 13. If only type B cells caused an agglutination reaction in the last step of the absorption-elution…
Q: first pass metabolism
A: The mechanism of first-pass metabolism involves the biotransformation of a drug or substance by…
Q: Compare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Outline the…
A: The tricarboxylic acid cycle is the metabolic pathway that generates NADH and FADH2 from the…
Q: What happens to your molecular formula when you create disaccharides? Why?
A: Carbohydrates are a class of organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a…
Q: From this discussion of the hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism. Read this material and…
A: Glycogen metabolism is the process by which glycogen, a branched polysaccharide, is synthesized and…
Q: Pompe disease is due to a deficiency in lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase, also called acid maltase.…
A: Pompe disease was named after Johann Pompe who identified the disease in 1932. It is a lysosomal…
Q: Explain this krebs cycle
A: Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by the oxidation…
Q: 2. Of the molecules shown below, which one would you expect to inhibit chymotrypsin most…
A: Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme that is produced in the pancreas and plays an important role in…
Q: Glucose + ATP →→ glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Glucose 6-phosphate →→→ fructose 6-phosphate Fructose…
A: Glycolysis is a process of conversion of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate. The preparatory…
Q: Discussion topic: Food additives are in many of the foods we eat. They get into foods either by…
A: Food additives play a crucial role in the food industry, but their use is surrounded by controversy,…
Q: Use the information on the proteins given to solve the questions: A. Draw a UV-Vis spectrum of…
A: Chromatography is a laboratory technique used to separate mixtures of different components. It works…
Q: 1.Which of the following molecules consist of a chain of amino acids? Select all that apply. A.…
A: Amino acids - alpha carbon of amino acids contains amine group, carboxyl group and side chain group.…
Q: A restriction map lists the locations of DNA sequences that are cut by a particular restriction…
A: Restriction enzymes are found in bacteria as a defense against invading bacteriophages. Restriction…
Q: Cholera is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Ultimately, the toxin leads…
A: G-protein is a GTP binding protein that is found closely associated with the receptor called…
Q: 10 glucose molecules are used in anaerobic respiration. How many ATP will be yielded under these…
A: Cellular respiration occurring when oxygen is absent is known as anaerobic respiration. It is a…
Q: 1. What do the drops of NaOH indicate in terms of metabolic output (Hint: what causes carbon dioxide…
A: Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process that requires oxygen and produces ATP, a molecule that…
Q: The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: H +H3N- C CH₂ CH₂ COO™ acide…
A: In order to calculate the concentration of species in the reaction medium at time =0, we need to…
Q: A segment of a protein-encoding gene sequence is given below. 5’-AAGTTTGGCACT-3’…
A: Transcription is the process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into a…
Q: What is the x-intercept for the above reaction on a Lineweaver-Burk plot? A. -0.5 per mM B. -1.0 per…
A: The Michaelis Menten equation: vo = vmax × [S]Km + [S] where vo is the initial rate of the…
Q: .Hanes-Woolf 2.Michaelis Menten 3.Lineweaver-Burk limitations: A. This plot appears to allow for…
A: For enzymes that follow Michaelis Menten-type kinetics, the determination of accurate values of Km…
Q: In the lactase enzyme simulation you conducted in Part 1 of this Nutrition Lab, you found that…
A: The following steps will explain how lactase acts on a mixture of coffee and milk in comparison to…
Q: How does the structure of the c ring and the a subunit allow for the movement of protons down their…
A: The C ring and A subunit are essential components of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex, which…
Q: - Calculate ammonium sulphate, NADH, a-ketoglutarate and proteins concentrations in the reaction…
A: In order to calculate the concentration of species in the reaction medium at time =0, we need to…
Q: 1. Draw the structure of a cholesterol ester where cholesterol is esterified with palmitic acid. is…
A: The four classes of biological macromolecules are nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.…
Q: The phosphates that make up the phosphodiester bonds in DNA have pka 2. The genome of the blue crab…
A: pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm of…
Q: A cyanobacterium absorbs 2856 photons. How many molecules of ATP are produced?
A: The process of ATP synthesis in cyanobacteria occurs through the process of photosynthesis,…
Q: The active site residues in some proteins seem to be "ultimately conserved," meaning that any change…
A: 2 evolutionary distant organisms, like a fungi and a human could still share a common gene between…
Q: Lysozyme is an enzyme that hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall…
A: Lysozymes are antibacterial agents that have the ability to hydrolyze the cell wall of bacteria. The…
Q: tate and define the four levels of protein structure, also include the bonds found at each level?
A: Introduction Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in our body. Proteins are made up of…
Q: Explain each lane and differentiate each
A: Electrophoresis means the migration of a charged particle under the influence of an applied electric…
plz be
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 17. How does soap help in killing bacteria and other pathogens? Choose all that applies V A. Soaps forms insoluble fats in acidic water creating a precipitate known as soap scums. O B. Soap dissolves the fat molecules in the membrane of cells and viral bodies causing the membranes to fall apart O c. Soap contains fat-like substances known as amphiphiles which competes with the lipids found in the cell membranes and virus membranes causing the cell or virus in active. O D. Soaps are surfactants, allowing now the fat molecules in the cell membranes and viruses to mix (emulsify) with water thus reducing their affinity to the skin and are easily washed away by water. E. Dirt molecules, bacteria and viruses are chemically attracted to soap molecules so that they are washed away with the water when you rinse your hands.3. Why is the possibility that all antibiotics may become useless such a serious concern?10. In a secret cabinet of a lab, you find two Petri dishes in storage and a mysterious lab notebook. In an effort to identify the bacteria, you run some tests (taking all necessary safety precautions) and look through the lab notebook. You find that the two Petri dishes contain the same type of nutrient medium and both bacteria seem to be Escherichia sp., but that the bacteria in plate 1 are producing large amounts of a variety of neurotoxins. The bacteria in plate 2 are not producing any major exported product. You also find this chart in the lab notebook: A E. coli growth rate (biomass/hour) Given that Strain 2 is normal E.coli (the control) and Strain 1 is a genetically engineered strain of E.coli, which line is most likely to represent strain 1, and why? A. Line B, since strain 1 should exhibit lower than normal growth efficiency. B. Line B, since strain 1 should exhibit higher than normal growth efficiency. C. Line A, since strain 1 should exhibit lower than normal growth…
- 20. Viroids and prions: a. Compare viroids and prions in terms of structure and host.b. Describe how prions accumulate in nervous tissue and the appearance of the brain that has been infected with prions.Robert Koch (a) proposed a set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms (b) discovered Helicobacter (c) showed that biofilms consist of microorganisms (d) proposed a hypothesis for antibiotic resistance (e) demonstrated that people can be stimulated to develop immunity to disease1. Your doctor tells your friend that he has a viral infection in his throat. The pain is intolerable and he has an upcoming exam to study for. He is mad at his doctor for not prescribing him an antibiotic. How would you explain to him the rationale behind his doctor’s decision? Explain that a virus can’t be treated with an antibiotic and why
- 2. A pharmacologist discovers a new fungal metabolite with unusual antimicrobial properties. It naturally concentrates in the endosomes, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes of cells and directly kills microorganisms (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that are normally resistant to degradation in the phagolysosomes. It has the undesirable effect of raising the pH within phagolysosomes. Which of the following processes will be primarily affected? A) Class I MHC molecule peptide loading o B) Class II MHC molecule peptide loading C) B-Microglobulin surface expression D) Peptide binding to TCRaß E) Peptide binding to TCRYS16. Why 70% alcohol is used as a disinfectant? Circle all possible explanation. O A. Alcohol denatures proteins in the plasma membrane or viral body thus destroying it rendering them ineffective and causing cell death or inhibiting reproduction. V B. Water is used as a catalyst for the denaturation of proteins that leads to cell membrane destruction. O c. Alcohol can be taken in orally, destroys cells that entered the body. V D. Diluted alcohol evaporates slower compared to a pure alcohol since its highly volatile, providing more time for chemical reactions to take place. O E. 100% alcohol coagulates proteins instantly creating a film that protects the other proteins from further coagulation preventing other alcohol molecules to react and destroy the cell membrane. O F. Alcohol has a dehydrating effect and may interfere with the functioning of cell membranes.Viruses1. contain both protein and nucleic acid.2. infect all domains of life.3. can grow in the absence of living cells.4. are generally the same size as prokaryotes.5. always kill the cells they infect.a) 1, 2b) 2, 3c) 3, 4d) 4, 5e) 1, 5
- 1. Although mutants incapable of producing exotoxins are relatively easy to isolate, mutants incapable of producing endotoxins are much harder to isolate. Explain the differences in mutant recovery?B. The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was BeriBeri. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite. Victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with BeriBeri. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria from the blood of patients with BeriBeri. One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case. he found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. 1. State the Problem. 2. What was the hypothesis? 3. How was the hypothesis tested? 4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment?…B. The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was BeriBeri. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite. Victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with BeriBeri. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that were not injected with bacteria from the blood of patients with BeriBeri. One of the scientists, Dr. Eijkman, noticed something. Before the experiment, all the chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case. he found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. 1. State the Problem. 2. What was the hypothesis? 3. How was the hypothesis tested? 4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment?…
