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- In an experiment to test the activity of lactase under different conditions, tubes containing buffer, ONPG, and lactase were set up. Absorbance was recorded from the spectrophotometer. Select true or false for each of the statements regarding the lactase experiment below! v The absorbance will decrease at a constant rate as the amount of A. TRUE ONPG is increased. B. FALSE v As pH increases above 1, there would be an initial increase in intensity of yellow color which then plateaus. - v Greater amount of lactase is released when experiment is performed at 37°C than at 100°C. v Adding increasing amount of lactose would cause the absorbance to decrease. Show All c.docx.pdf 4600885-Orde..docx F4 del 2$ 4. 8 9. 7 5 3 Y R K 6Consider a buffer solution that contains 0.55 M NH2CH2CO2H and 0.35 M NH2CH2CO2Na. pKa(NH2CH2CO2H)=9.88. a. Calculate its pH. b. Calculate the change in pH if 0.155 g of solid NaOH is added to 250 mL of this solution. c. If the acceptable buffer range of the solution is ±0.10 pH units, calculate how many moles of H3O+ can be neutralized by 250 mL of the initial buffer.Acetazolamide is a drug which inhibits carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase participates in regulation of the pH and bicarbonate content of a number of body fluids. Figure 2 shows the experimental curve of initial reaction velocity (as percentage of Vma) versus [S] (concentration) for the carbonic anhydrase reaction. The graph also shows the curve in the presence of acetazolamide. 100 No inhibitor 50 Acetazolamide 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 [S] (mM) Figure 2 (i) Compare the maximal velocities and Michaelis Menten constants of the enzyme in the absence and the presence of the inhibitor acetazolamide. Determine the nature of inhibition by acetazolamide. Explain your answer. (ii) Name TWO (2) other types of inhibitions besides the inhibition shown by acetazolamide. Sketch a graph of V versus [S] showing curves in the absence of an inhibitor and in the presence of the types of inhibitors not shown by acetazolamide. ("AJO %) A
- Acetazolamide is a drug which inhibits carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase participates in regulation of the pH and bicarbonate content of a number of body fluids. Figure 2 shows the experimental curve of initial reaction velocity (as percentage of Vmax) versus [S] (concentration) for the carbonic anhydrase reaction. The graph also shows the curve in the presence of acetazolamide. 100 No inhibitor 50 Acetazolamide 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 (S] (mM) Figure 2 (i) Compare the maximal velocities and Michaelis Menten constants of the enzyme in the absence and the presence of the inhibitor acetazolamide. Determine the nature of inhibition by acetazolamide. Explain your answer. (*"A JO %) ABased on the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (shown below), calculate the pH when half of a solution of acetic acid is dissociated to acetate (the pKa of acetic acid is 4.76). A. 1.00 B. 3.76 C. 4.76 D. 5.76Alanine has pKa values of 2.4 and 9.9. Its isoelectric point, pI, is equal to____. A. 6.15 B. 23.76 C. 7.50 D. 4.13
- The pH of normal blood is 7.4. The pH of a diabetic's blood was determined to be 6.4. Which comparison of these two blood samples is accurate? A. Normal blood has a lower [OH¯] than the diabetic's blood. B. The diabetic's blood has a lower [H30*] than normal blood. C. Normal blood has a higher [H3O*] than the diabetic's blood. D. The diabetic's blood has a higher [H3O*] than normal blood.At 39.9ºC, a solution of ethanol (XetOH = 0.9006, P * etOH = 130.4 Torr) and isooctane (P * iso = 43.9 Torr) forms a vapor phase with YetOH = 0.6667. The total pressure is 185.9 a. Calculate the activity and the activity coefficient of each component.b. Calculate the total pressure the solution would have if it were ideal.c. Comparing the ideal pressure to the actual pressure, what does this indicate about the molecular interactions?A researcher wants to look for glucaronic acid conjugated metabolites in sample of urine(glucaronic acid conjugation is a common method of metabolism for excretion.) Pronotated glucaronic acid conjugated metabolite ions often lose anhydroglucaronic acid(176 Da) during low energy CID. Which triple quadrupole experiment might be best for finding these conjugates?
- The effect of pH on drug absorption 5. Many drugs are absorbed into the blood through cells lining the stomach, the small intestine, or other epithelial tissues. This process involves movement of the drug molecule across the plasma membrane by direct diffusion. Since the interior of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic, the uncharged molecules cross the membrane faster than charged (ionized) molecules. If a drug contains an ionizable group, its absorption will therefore be dependent on the pH. Consider the absorption of the ionizable drug, morphine, shown below in its uncharged form. We will only focus on the ionization of the amino group of morphine (pKa = 8.2). НО, H HO.. N-CH3 morphine (neutral) morphine (charged)Highly active muscles generate lactic acid by respiration so fast that the blood bassing through the muscle actually experiences a drop in pH from 7.4 to 7.2. Under these conditions, hemoglobin releases about 10% more O2 than it does at pH 7.4. Explain.A doctor wants to prescribe a 70 kg patient a drug to be taken PO. In order to achieve an average steady-state plasma concentration (Css) of this drug in its therapeutic range, the patient needs to have a of Css of 597 μg/L. The VD of this drug is 2.3 L/kg, the F of this drug is 0.70, and the half-life of this drug is 12.9 hours. What is the necessary dosing regimen needed to achieve the desired Css? (units: mg/day, i.e., mg/24 h))