Question 2(a)Describe the similarities and differences of transport layer protocols UDP and TCP.Host A sends a file of AB,500 bytes to Host B over a TCP connection. Assume the maximumsegment size (MSS) is 128 bytes. The segment has no options field. The transport layer,network layer, and data-link layer add headers of a total size of 66 bytes to each segment beforethe resulting packet is sent out over a 2CD Mbps link. ABCD are the last 4 digits of yourstudent ID number (in decimal).(b)What is the size of the first packet?(c)What is the size of the last packet?(d)What is the sequence number of the last segment (in decimal)?(e)Assume no congestion, show the calculation and determine the time (in msec, round to3 decimal places) required to transmit the file.(f)If congestion is possible, suggest and describe two methods that can be used to handlecongestion.

We need to discuss similarity and differences between TCP and UDP. *** As per the guidelines only…

Answered: Question 2 (a) Describe the…

Engineering

Computer Science

Question 2 (a) Describe the similarities and differences of transport layer protocols UDP and TCP.

Principles of Information Security (MindTap Course List)

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337102063

Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord

Publisher:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord

Chapter6: Security Technology: Access Controls, Firewalls, And Vpns

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2RQ

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Consider the following scenario in which host A is sending a file to host B over a TCP connection. Assuming that the sequence number of the first data byte sent by A is 0 and every segment always includes 1000 bytes of data, excluding the TCP header. At some point of time, bytes up to 6400 have been written into the sender’s buffer. Bytes up to 4999 have been sent out but the segment which contains bytes 2000~2999 has not arrived at host B yet. At the receiver’s side, all bytes up to 3999 have been received except for bytes 2000~2999. Bytes up to 499 have been read from the buffer by the application. Assume that the maximum size of the sender’s buffer is large enough. Consider the sliding window algorithm in TCP and answer the following questions. 1) What are the values for LastByteAcked, LastByteSent, and LastByteWritten? 2) What are the values for LastByteRead, NextByteExpected, and LastByteRcvd? 3) Assuming that the maximum size of the receiver’s buffer is 4000 byte, what would…
A frame containing http request is sent from Computer (A) [in whichever subnet it is now, make sure to show it in your figure], to the access point it is associated with. Draw the address fields (1, 2, and 3) of the frame travelling from Computer A to AP and the source and destination addresses of the frame travelling from AP to R1. The MAC addresses of AP1, AP2, and AP3 are M1, M2, and M3 respectively, and the Router R1’s MAC address connected to this Switch/AP is MRA. IP address values are already given, and the port addresses could also be used as given. The Router’s MAC address facing WAN side is MRW.
4. The original HTTP protocol used TCP/IP as the underlying protocol. For each page, graphic, or applet, a separate TCP connection was constructed, used, and terminated. This caused several problems: one referred to as the elephant and mice problem and two aspects of connection overhead. Describe both problems. Why were separate connections used? Would UDP rather than TCP be a good alternative? What solution would you propose to these problems to improve HTTP performance?
The maximum transmission unit on an Ethernet link is 4500 bytes. This means that the IP packets sent over Ethernet cannot be larger than 4500 bytes including the IP header. Suppose the application layer sends a 6500-byte message. The transport layer uses TCP with no options. The network layer is using IP version 4. Obviously, the IP layer will have to fragment the data. Provide the length of new datagrams (after fragmentation). Provide the Flag and offset of each of the new datagrams.
Consider a TCP segment originating on a host running a Google Chrome Browser destined for the TU Dublin Webserver: (1) Separately identify how the port numbers are assigned for the client and server applications and, identify the range from which these port numbers are allocated. (ii) Identify the byte order used to represent these addresses within the segment header. (iii) If a port number contained in the segment header is passed to the Application layer, identify the function used to convert it to the correct byte order within the application.
1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…
X.25 and Frame Relay are two protocols applied in packet switching data communication. Packet switching is a method of grouping data that is transmitted over a digital network into packets.Based on the description given above, ELABORATE your answer from the questions below:a) Briefly EXPLAIN X.25 and Frame Relay protocols, their protocol layers and equipment used. b) DISCUSS at least FIVE (5) differences between the TWO (2) protocols.
Host A and B are communicating over a TCP connection. Host B has already received from Host A all bytes up through byte 23. Suppose Host A then sends two segments to Host B back-to-back. The first and the second segments contain 30 and 50 bytes of data, respectively. In the first segment, the sequence number is 24, the source port number is 3000, and the destination port number is 80. Host B sends an acknowledgment whenever it receives a segment from Host A. A. In the second segment sent from Host A to B, what arethe sequence number_________,source port number __________,and destination port number__________?B. If the second segment arrives after the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the second segment, what arethe acknowledgment number___________,the source port number__________,and the destination port number __________?C. If the second segment arrives before the first segment, in the acknowledgment of the first arriving segment,what is the acknowledgment number ___________?D.…
P5. Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses. Suppose a router has four links, numbered 0 through 3, and packets are to be forwarded to the link interfaces as follows: (refer to first image) a. Provide a forwarding table that has five entries, uses longest prefix matching, and forwards packets to the correct link interfaces. b. Describe how your forwarding table determines the appropriate link interface for datagrams with destination addresses: (refer to second image)
2. Subnetting a subnet or using variable-length subnet mask (VLSM) was designed to maximize addressing efficiency. You are required to subnet, based on the number of hosts, including router interface and WAN interface and WAN connections for the following scenario: •Toronto: 60 host addresses •Montreal: 28 host addresses •Ottawa: 12 host addresses •Vancouver: 12 host addresses •WAN1: 2 host addresses •WAN2: 2 host addresses •WAN3: 2 host addresses Using the given address block of 192.168.15.0/24, you can design an address scheme for the network to meet its requirements and save potential addresses. The data for Toronto is given to help you to fill the remaining all other columns. Name Toronto Montreal Ottawa Vancouver WAN1 WAN2 WAN3 Required no of addresses 60 28 12 12 ~~ 2 2 2 Subnet Address 192.168.15.0 Address Range .1 - .62 Broadcast Address .63 Network/ Prefix 192.168.15.0 /26 19
1. A protocol uses hierarchical slotted TDM techniques for various levels of networks. For the purpose of this question, assume header/trailer overhead to be zero, use the different DLC frame sizes as given. In this question we consider only DLC frames. At the level of Local Area Networks (LANS) containing each individual computer, the links operate at 10 Mbps and the frames (L-frames) are each 1500 bytes long. The LANs link to Metropolitan Area Networks (MANS) which use 15000 byte M-frames that are made by multiplexing 10 L-frames, one each from 10 different LANs. Every ten of these MANS feed into a Regional Area Network (RAN) that uses 1 Gbps links and uses a R- frame, and ten RANS feed into a Wide Area Network (WAN) using a W-frame, which is 32 times the size of an R-frame. (a) The transmission time of a bit or group of bits is sometimes referred to as their "width" on the line. What is the width of an L-frame on a LAN link? (b) How wide is an L-frame (as embedded inside larger…
2. Suppose a large file of size F bits is to be sent from host A to host B. There are two links and two routers on the path from A to B. The links are uncongested and the link propagation delays are negligible. Host A segments the file into segments of size S bits each and adds 60 bits of header to each segment, forming packets of size L = S+ 60 bits. Each link has a transmission rate of R bps. Find the value of S that minimizes the file transfer delay from host A to host B.