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Please describe 3 ways animal respiratory systems have evolved in order to maximize the exchange of O2 and CO2 across their membranes
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- Identify 3 physical conditions that can optimize rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane, and relate these to Fick’s Law of Diffusion. Please describe 3 ways animal respiratory systems have evolved in order to maximize the exchange of O2and CO2across their membranes.Describe five features of mammalian respiratory surfaces that allow for a maximum possible rate of diffusion.What causes air to enter human lungs? The contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the lungs, decreasing the pressure relative to the air outside the body. Smooth muscle in the trachea guides the flow of air into the lungs. Air diffuses into the lungs due to the decreased O2 content relative to the air outside our body. The cilia in the trachea guide the flow of air into the lungs. The decreased concentration of O2 in the lungs decreases the density of that air and denser air outside the body "sinks" into the lungs.
- Figure 39.7 Which of the following statements about the mammalian respiratory system is false? When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea. The bronchioles branch into bronchi. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs. Gas exchange between the lung and blood takes place in the alveolus.Test Your Understanding 5. Which sequence most accurately describes the flow of air in the human respiratory system? 1. pharynx 2. bronchus 3. trachea 4. larynx 5. alveolus 6. Bronchiole (a) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5, 6 (b) 1,4, 3, 2, 5, 6 (c) 4, 1,3, 2, 6, 5 (d) 1, 4, 3, 2, 6, 5 (e) 1, 3, 4, 2, 6, 5Creat a Concept map about “The Respiratory and Circulatory systems” Include a minumun of 20 concept “bubbles” and also include a minimum 20 arrow or symbols. Includes at least 3 of these “subtopics” that branch from your central idea (Gas Exchange, Transport, Respiration, Circulation, Breathing Mechanics, Lymphatic System, Components of Blood, Spirometry, Immunity, Regulation, Blood Pressure, Homeostasis)
- Why do some, if not most aquatic organisms, have supplemental respiratory organs as compared to strictterrestrial animals? BRIEFLY answer, be straight to the pointWhy do some, if not most aquatic organisms, have supplemental respiratory organs as compared to strictterrestrial animals?Outline the ways in which mammalian hemoglobinsimultaneously plays important roles in O2 transport, CO2transport, and control of blood pH.
- The atmosphere that we breathe is about 21% oxygen, and our respiratory system has evolved to allow us to thrive at that concentration. However, breathing air with a lower concentration of oxygen is difficult for us, or even fatal (although some other animals can do it). Using your knowledge of normal human respiration, describe two specific modifications to our respiratory system that might improve our respiratory function and allow us to survive at lower oxygen levels (hint: think about things like diffusion, surface area, and oxygen-carrying ability).Describe 2 factors that contribute to the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills. Why are fish gills the most efficient of all respiratory organs?Given this information, and given your knowledge of what gases were thought to be present on ancient Earth, which of the following might be the function hemoglobin would have served in the earliest cells? Hemoglobin originally served to assist in the rudimentary stages of electron transport chains, as they are seen in animals currently. Hemoglobin helped to bind oxygen and deliver it to the components of ancient photosynthesis, as oxygen served as an electron carrier. Hemoglobin originally bound to nitrogen gas and help in the production of proteins and nucleic acids. Hemoglobin bound to oxygen and kept it away from other molecules in the cell, as oxygen is highly reactive and might cause damage to those molecules.
