Once inside the cell, a virus particle can be transported across the cytoplasm by: a. lysosomes b. vesicles c. microtubules d. all statements are correct
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Once inside the cell, a virus particle can be transported across the cytoplasm by:
a. lysosomes
b. vesicles
c. microtubules
d. all statements are correct
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- Can the below be added to the answer: Some common cytopathic effects include: Cell rounding and detachment: The infected cells may become rounded and detach from the underlying surface, leading to cell death and tissue damage. Cell lysis: In lytic infections, the virus utilizes the host cell's resources to produce new virus particles. As a result, the infected cell eventually bursts (lysis), releasing the newly formed viruses, which can go on to infect neighboring cells. Formation of inclusion bodies: Some viruses induce the formation of distinct structures called inclusion bodies within the infected cells. These inclusion bodies are often aggregates of viral proteins or nucleic acids and can be visualized under a microscope. Cell fusion: Certain viruses have the ability to cause infected cells to fuse together, forming multinucleated giant cells. This fusion enhances viral spread and can lead to the destruction of affected tissues. Cellular damage and functional impairment: Viral…‘’Viruses cannot be grown in standard microbiological culture such as broth and agar. They need to be cultured in the presence of a suitable host such as prokaryotic cells (easiest to grow in the lab), plants and animals because they are unable to reproduce independently in living cells’’.2.2 What are the changes that are brought by a virus to a cell? In your response, make reference to the cytopathic effect (CPE).Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able to circumvent its host cell's normal defenses by leaving the cell via its lyso- somes rather than its normal secretory vesicles, as illustrated in the figure below. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus disrupted lysosomal functions Entry and egress of the SARS-CoV-2 virus A Golgi complex Which of the following best explains their findings? B lysosome (deacidified) С lysosome (acidified) B-coronavirus normal biosynthetic pathway egress via lysosomal trafficking SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them. D SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them.
- If a viral host cell has a mutation that interferes with the addition of carbohydrates to proteins (glycoproteins) during processing in the Golgi apparatus, which of the following processes is most likely to occur? O A. Viruses released by that host cell would have a decreased ability to infect cells than the virus that originally infected the cell. B. The virus-encoded protease would be unable to cleave large viral proteins into smaller, functional polypeptides. OC. The virus would be unable to replicate within the host cell. D. Viruses released by that cell are novel and would result in infections with higher mortality rates.From a virus’s perspective, why would it be beneficial to prevent apoptosis?Viruses replicate by entering a cell and using the host cell's enzymes to produce more copies of itself. SARS-COV2 is a spherical virus that has been observed to be as small as 50 nm in diameter. If we approximate a human epithelial cell to be a cylinder with a 58 um height and 5 um diameter, what is the maximum number of SARS-COV2 viruses that could fit inside the cell?
- A viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the virus? The virus would become lysogenic and incorporate its genome into the host cell genome. The virus would enter the host by a combination of endocytosis and fusion. The virus would lose its viral envelope and become a naked virus. The virus would attach to different host cells and its host range would be altered. The viral genome would not require uncoating once inside the host cell.After replication at the site of entry, some viruses remain localized, while others disseminate. Which of the following does not determine the outcome? Group of answer choices Presence of a lipid membrane on the virion Whether the virus can cross the basement membrane Directional release of virus from polarized cells Establishment of viremia Transport of virions in immune cellsMost viruses use their own virally encoded: a. DNA/RNA polymerase b. Endoplastmic reticulum c. Ribosomes d. Mitochondria
- You are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the viral genomes to the cytoplasm. Protein X brings viral DNA to the cytoplasm and returns back to the nucleus after genome export is complete. Researchers have developed a new drug for the virus. Following treatment with the new drug, the viral protein stays in the nucleus and cannot export the viral genomes. What is the most plausible and logical function of the drug? Use your knowledge of nuclear transport to answer this question. O A. The drug inhibits the binding of the viral protein and the viral genomes to the import receptor. B. The drug inhibits the binding of Ran-GTP to the nuclear export receptor in nucleus. C. The drug promotes the Ran GAP activity. D. The drug blocks the NLS on the viral protein.Define the following terms:a. nuclear pore complexb. endocytosisc. proteomed. endocytic cyclee. lysosomeIdentify which of the 4 types of cell junctions are involved or being targeted in each of the following scenarios: a. Bacteria crosses from the blood into the brain b. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) moves from one cell to another in a tobacco plant c. Material leaks from the small intestines into the tissues in a Crohn’s disease patient d. Sheets of skin peel off in a patient with Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS) e. Cardiac arrhythmia caused by disrupted flow of ions between cardiac muscle cells