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Use the
a. Illustrate how a permanent increase in India’s money supply affects the money and FX markets. Label your short-run equilibrium point B and your long-run equilibrium point C.
b. By plotting them on a chart with time on the horizontal axis, illustrate how each of the following variables changes over time (for India): nominal money supply MIN, price level PIN, real money supply MIN/PIN, interest rate iRs, and the exchange rate ERs/$.
c. Using your previous analysis, state how each of the following variables changes in the short run (increase/decrease/no change): India’s interest rate iRs, ERs/$, expected exchange rate EeRs/$, and price level PIN.
d. Using your previous analysis, state how each of the following variables changes in the long run (increase/decrease/no change relative to their initial values at point A): India’s interest rate iRs, ERs/$, EeRs/$, and India’s price level PIN.
e. Explain how overshooting applies to this situation.
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- RUBLES PER KRONE RUBLES PER KRONE 3. Changes in the foreign exchange market The following questions focus on the exchange rate between the Russian ruble and the Danish krone. Assume the exchange rate is flexible. The exchange rate is defined as the number of rubles you must pay for one krone. Suppose a recession in Russia causes Russian incomes to decrease, while incomes in Denmark remain the same. Shift the appropriate curve or curves on the following graph to illustrate how this affects the market for Danish kroner if all other things remain equal. Note: Select and drap one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. Supply of Kraner Demand for Kraner Demand for Kroner QUANTITY OF KRONER Supply of Kroner ? The decrease in Russian Incomes causes the Danish krone to relative to the Danish krone. relative to the Russian ruble and causes the Russian…a. In September 1995, Patrick Buchanan, a Republican candidate for president, proposed a 10 percent tariff on Japanese imports to the United States, a 20 percent tariff on Chinese imports to the United States, and an unspecified "social" tariff on imports from developing countries. Use the long-run model of a small open economy to graphically illustrate the impact of these trade policies on the U.S. exchange rate and the trade balance. Assume that the country starts from a position of trade balance. Be sure to label: i. the axes; ii. the curves; iii. the initial equilibrium values; iv. the direction the curves shift; and v. the new longrun equilibrium values. b. Based on your graphical analysis, explain the predicted impact of Mr. Buchanan's proposed policies. Specifically state what happens to the exchange rate, the trade balance, the volume of imports, and the volume of exports. Please show the graph while describing each piece.The Big Mac index was introduced by The Economist magazine in 1986, as a playful example to introduce the concept of purchase power parity (PPP) and under/overvaluation of currencies. The PPP rates are usually compiled based on consumer baskets of comparable quality. The problem is that goods in different economies are hardly comparable. The customer basket contains only one good which is made everywhere in exactly the same way – McDonald’s Big Mac. You might think that is an oversimplification, but in fact the Big Mac Index has been widely used for comparing currencies ever since it was first published. Explore the concept behind the Big Mac index and critically assess the importance of comparability of goods in various economies.
- In the foreign exchange market, the supply curve for the dollar is upward sloping. That is, when the exchange rate (foreign currency per dollar) increases, the quantity of dollars supplied increases. Assuming actors have not yet had time to change their expectations about the future exchange rate, when the exchange rate increases, why is the supply curve of dollars in the foreign exchange market upward sloping? Foreign goods and services are less expensive to import. U.S. firms profit more by selling their goods and services domestically rather than selling to foreigners. The expected profitability of purchasing a dollar today to sell in the future rises. U.S. goods are less expensive for foreigners to purchase.In your macroeconomic lectures you are often told that exchange rates and interest rates are important for macroeconomic decision-making. How does an increase in Japan’s government budget deficit affect each of the following? The real interest rate in the short run in Japan. Explain. Private domestic investment in plant and equipment in Japan. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the foreign exchange market for the euro, and show the effect of the change in the real interest rate in Japan from part (a)(i) on each of the following. Supply of euros. Explain. Yen price of the euro To reverse the change in the yen price of the euro identified in part (b) (ii), should the European Central Bank buy or sell euros in the foreign exchang market? Explain.The diagram to the right most likely shows the impact on the Canadian economy of A. an increase in the worldwide demand for petroleum products, a major Canadian export good. B. changes in world tastes in favour of Canadian goods. C. a decrease in foreign incomes. D. an outbreak of inflation outside of Canada. If the Bank of Canada makes no transactions in the foreign-exchange market, the Canadian dollar will undergo a depreciation. Use the three-point curve drawing tool to show how a flexible exchange rate serves as a "shock absorber" to the external shock depicted in the accompanying graph. Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. …………. Price Level (P) FO Real GDP (Y) ASO AD1 ADO QThere is trade between the U.S. (domestic country) and Great Britain (foreign country) and the quantity of pounds supplied is positively related to the exchange rate. The exchange rate is defined as the domestic currency price of the foreign currency, i.e., dollars per pound. Using clearly labeled graphs of demand for and supply of the foreign currency, show and explain what will happen to: (i) the demand for pounds and/or; (ii) the supply of pounds; and (iii) the value of the dollar against the pound as a result of each one of the following changes. (a) a decrease in tariffs in the Great Britain. (b) a decrease in prices of goods produced in China. Both the U.S. and Great Britain trade with China. (c) a decrease in interest rates in the U.SMexico and the United States are trade partners. Each country has a zero current account balance and is operating in long-run equilibrium. Assume that the inflation rate in the United States is slowing relative to Mexico's inflation rate. (a) How will the inflation rate change in the United States affect: (i) Mexico's demand for U.S. goods and services? (ii) net exports of Mexico? Explain. (b) Illustrate the impact of the change you identified in part (a) on a fully labeled AD–AS model for the economy of Mexico. Use arrows to indicate any changes in AD, real GDP, and price level. (c) Ceteris paribus, will the national income of the United States increase, decrease, or remain the same? (d) On side-by-side and fully labeled foreign exchange market graphs, illustrate the impact of the change in relative inflation on the supply of Mexican pesos and on demand for U.S. dollars. Use arrows to indicate the change in the equilibrium exchange rate for each currency.…Assume in a given month, Japan's export to the U.S. increased. How such an increase will affect the Japanese Yen? From a U.S. perspective, how this increase will affect the U.S. dollar? Knowing that both currencies can float, verbally explain your answers using the demand/supply model (no need to draw a graph)."Roman Abramovitch" lecture: you must answer all questions. Displayed above is the (spot) foreign exchange market for the pound sterling and the GIG, the national currency of the country High Tech. At the initial equilibrium point X, 1 Pound 5 Gigs. Please answer the following questions: GIGS S₂ = 1 X O Z Se= DGIGS SE = DGIGS DE = SGIGS DE = SGIGS Billions of Pounds 1. Why does the supply curve for pounds slope upward? 2. Starting from an initial equilibrium of point X, consider a new, 5 billion pounds of capital inflow to High Tech. Under what situation would the new equilibrium be at point Y versus point Z? 3. Compare the (numerical) size of the monetary base or high-powered Money (Mo) at points X and Z. 4. If we knew that the money multiplier equals 2 and that the central bank of Freedonia had fully sterilized the capital inflow, could we estimate by how much real GDP would increase? 5. If the central bank decided instead not to sterilize, would the nominal or real gig exchange rate…The following question focuses on the exchange rate between Mexican pesos and U.S. dollars, defined as the number of Mexican pesos you must pay for one dollar. Suppose that incomes decrease in Mexico, causing Mexican consumers to purchase fewer U.S.-made goods and services. How does this affect the peso-dollar exchange rate? Drag the appropriate curve(s) on the following graph to illustrate how this change affects the market for dollars. Tool tip: Click and drag one or both of the curves. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move the curve and it snaps back to its original position, just try again and drag it a little farther. EXCHANGE RATE (Pesos per dollar) Supply Demand FOREIGN EXCHANGE IMIlions of dollars) A decrease in incomes that causes Mexican consumers to buy fewer U.S.-made goods and services will cause the Mexican peso to relative to the dollar, appreciate depreciateSEE MORE QUESTIONS
