metabolites are produced from two molecules of Alanine after it is completely catabolized to CO2
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- Which one of the following statements about coenzyme A is correct? The biosynthesis of coenzyme A requires vitamin B12 O The thioester of acetyl-coenzyme A raises the pka value of the alpha-proton O Hydrolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A is thermodynamically favourable O Acetyl-coenzyme A is involved in the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethoinineThe following reaction is a vitamin B12-dependent reaction that proceeds via a mechanism analogous to that of the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase reaction. H Н4 H 1 H3N 2 H `H H HO b H H5 Identify which atoms in the product(s) correspond to the numbered atoms in the reactant. Atom a corresponds to atom Atom b corresponds to atom Atom c corresponds to atoma-Keto acids other than a-ketoglutarate can accept the amino group from pyridoxamine in enzyme-catalyzed transamination reactions. What amino acids are formed when the following a-keto acids accept the amino group?O OO O Opyruvate oxaloacetate
- Conversion of amino acid nitrogen into urea by the liver for excretion normally involves all the following enzyme activities EXCEPT O Ornithine transcarbamoylase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II Glutamate dehydrogenase Arginase Which of the following statements about thePanthothenic acid is involved in the metabolic pathways as coenzyme:Consider the each of the amino acids in the peptide below. Ala-Ile-Asp-Arg-Gln-Gly-Pro-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Val-Ile-Gln-Leu If all of the amino acids are degraded to yield energy (ATP), explain how many Acetyl CoAs for oxidation to CO2 could be produced from this peptide. note: Do not make glucose at the beginning, however converting the TCA intermediates into molecules in the glycolytic pathway for optimal Acetyl CoA production is allowed. Be sure to show clearly which pathway will the Acetyl CoA enter (to yield ATP ultimately) under such condition
- Most fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbonsis metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. The following two reactions convert propionyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, a citric acidcycle intermediate, so it can be further metabolized. Each of the reactions requires a coenzyme. Identify the coenzyme for each step. From what vitaminsare the coenzymes derived? (Hint: see Chapter 23.) COO− COO−CH2CH2methylmalonyl-CoA succinyl-CoA CH3CH2 SCoABelow is an image of the Krebs cycle: acetyl-CoA oxaloacetate COASH H20 NADH NAD* H20 malate citrate fumarate isocitrate FADH2 NAD* CO2 FAD АТР NADH + ADP succinate GTP NAD+ a-ketoglutarate H20 GDP NADH + CO2 COASH succinyl CoA COASH Consider the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which is coupled with the production the electron carrier FADH2. If this reaction was NOT coupled with the production of FADH2 (and only catalyzed the conversion of succinate to fumarate), how would this impact ATP production through cell respiration? OATP production would stop because no high energy electron carriers would be produced ATP production would still occur, but there would be a much lower ATP yield because a large number of electron carriers are no longer being made ATP production would stop because without FADH2 we will no longer have electrons moving through the electron transport chain ATP production would still occur, but there would be a slightly lower ATP yield because a small number of…Under anaerobic conditions, the major metabolite produced in the liver for export is which of the following? glucose lactate pyruvate fructose alanine
- The following fatty acid enters the B-oxidation spiral. CH,(CH,)-CH,-CH,- -HO- and the product shown below is produced. CH,(CH,), -C-S-CoA How many FADH2 are produced? О 10 O 5 O 4 O 1The following reaction is catalyzed by this type of enzyme? Coo COO™ I HIC-H H-C-H COO™ succinate isomerase hydrolase O ligase transferase oxidoreductase succinate dehydrogenase FAD FADH2 H-C || C-H COO fumarateIn liver, the accumulation of which of the following metabolite attenuates the inhibitory of ATP on phosphofructokinase? * O Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Glucose-6-Phosphate O Citrate