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- On the second day after the Mantoux reaction (the subcutaneous introduction of tuberculin - a protein-lipopolysaccharide component of mycobacterium tuberculosis), a child had an area of compaction and hyperemia in the injection zone with a diameter of 2.5 cm, that was surrounded by a swollen roller. A day later, a zone of necrosis was formed at the site of tuberculin administration. Questions: 4. What other reasons can lead to the development of this TPP? 5. Describe the mechanism of development of this TPP in the patient.mycobacterium tuberculosis Capsule or not (If yes, describe what is it made fromA 2-year-old African American boy is brought to his pediatrician because of acute fever, apparent bone pain, and painful swelling of his hands and feet. A physical examination reveals splenomegaly and a blood test shows the presence of hemoglobin S. After the acute symptoms subside with rest, hydration, and the use of analgesics, hydroxyurea is prescribed. This drug would be expected to reduce the risk of further acute episodes of disease via which mechanism? Increasing the synthesis of hemoglobin S Increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin Reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin Increasing the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor Increasing the synthesis of hemoglobin F.
- A 19-year-old woman presented because of the recent onset of breakthrough bleeding. She has been taking the same oral contraceptive Pill for two years, she has not forgotten any pills or had diarrhea or vomiting. She has been with her current sexual partner for four months and has recently stopped using condoms as additional protection. She is otherwise well. On examination the vulva and vagina are healthy and there is no inflammation. There is a small cervical ectropion and profuse mucus and pus discharge from the cervix. There is no tenderness on bimanual vaginal examination and no masses palpable. An endocervical swab and urine test was administered.In a 75-year-old patient who had bed rest for 4 weeks after a fracture of the femoral neck, a temperature of 38.5°C has appeared, a cough with phlegm and dyspnea. On a rentgenogram were found foci of darkening in the lower parts of the lungs. Staphylococcus was found in sputum. Blood test: leukocytes - 15x10⁹/1 4. Describe the mechanism of the development of this disease. 5. What type of typical pathological process underlies the disease?Explain why babies with agammaglobulinemia do not develop opportunistic infections until about 6 months after birth.
- Biopsies from the liver and intestine of an otherwise asymptomatic35-year-old male show masses of acid-fast bacilli throughout thetissue. Explain the pathology going on here and provide apreliminary diagnosis.A 53 YO adult male weighing 168lb, who is being treated for VZV encephalitis, has been prescribed acycloivr 10mg/kg/dose IV q 8h for 10 days. Acyclovir for injection is availble in 10 and 20 mL vials containing 50mg/mL. a) How many mg will the patient receive each day? b) How many mg will the patient receive each dose? c). How many mL will the patient receive each dose?Which of the following is NOT true about strep throat?(a) It is caused by group A β-hemolytic Streptococcuspyogenes. (b) It can be acquired through droplet nuclei inhalationfrom active cases, healthy carriers, and family pets, aswell as from contaminated food, milk, and water.(c) Active cases can have inflamed and sore throat, swollenadenoids and lymph nodes in neck, pus-filled tonsillarlesions, fever, chills, headache, nausea, and vomiting.(d) Coughing and nasal discharge are common hallmarks ofstrep throat.(e) If immediate treatment with an antibiotic is not given,the patient has a risk of also getting rheumatic fever.
- 4 2. Briefly but comprehensively discuss the purpose of the hexose monphosphate shunt, and explain the relationship to this pathway and the aetiology of gout. post with picture and references if possible plsOne of the symptoms of patients with severe Corona virus infection is acidosis. Explain why this may be fatal to the individual.A 58-year-old homeless man with long-standing insulin-treated type 2 diabetes has been diagnosed with right lower extremity cellulitis. He has taken a prescribed oral antibiotic for the past week but has not noticed much improvement. For the past 2 days, he has complained of intermittent fevers and chills, nausea with poor oral intake, and proximally spreading erythema over his right leg. On the evening of admission, a friend notices that he is markedly confused and calls 911. In the emergency room, he is oriented only to his name. The patient is tachypneic, breathing deeply at a rate of 24/min. He is febrile at 38.8°C. He is normotensive, but his heart rate is elevated at 112 bpm. On examination, this patient is a delirious, unkempt man with a fruity breath odor. His right lower extremity is markedly erythematous and exquisitely tender to palpation. Serum chemistries reveal a glucose level of 488 mg/dL, potassium of 3.7 mEq/dL, and sodium of 132 mEq/L. Urine dipstick is grossly…