latching Question: atch the following statements (designated I-H) that describe various types of transport across biological membranes with the features of the corresponding processes: I. Free unassisted water diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the biomembrane. II. Glucose transport via the glucose transporter in the plasma membrane. II. Pumping of protons across the lysosome membrane by a proton pump similar to the ATP-synthase complex. e that some of the items from the answer list should NOT be used. 1. Only 2 Only i1 Process that requires a dedicated transimembrane transporterichannel Process that occurs down the concentration gradient Process that establishes a concentration gradiont Process that is energy dependent a Only 41 and 5.1 and i 6.Il and i 71 A and iN

latching Question: atch the following statements (designated I-H) that describe various types of transport across biological membranes with the features of the corresponding processes: I. Free unassisted water diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the biomembrane. II. Glucose transport via the glucose transporter in the plasma membrane. II. Pumping of protons across the lysosome membrane by a proton pump similar to the ATP-synthase complex. e that some of the items from the answer list should NOT be used. 1. Only 2 Only i1 Process that requires a dedicated transimembrane transporterichannel Process that occurs down the concentration gradient Process that establishes a concentration gradiont Process that is energy dependent a Only 41 and 5.1 and i 6.Il and i 71 A and iN

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Calculate ΔGinward. Is energy required for transport to happen? The internal pH of a lysosome= 4.0 and the pH of the cytosol is 7.0. For a cell at 25°C with a -40 mV lysosome membrane potential. What is the ΔGinward for the proton gradient into the lysosome?
The pH values of the different compartments are shown below: matrix Intermembrane space Cytosol pH 7.8 – 8.0 pH ~ 7.0pH 7.0 – 7.4 Proton flow through ATP synthase leads to the formation of ATP, a process defined as the binding-change mechanism that was initially proposed by Boyer. Briefly explain Boyer’s binding change mechanism for the ATP synthase.
Transport. Provided below is an abstracted equation describing an active cell membrane transport from outside the cell to the cytoplasm, involving a membrane carrier (Cmemb), a substrate (Sin) (growth factor etc.) to be carried and released (Sout) into the cytoplasm. a) What kind of feedback mechanism is restricting this process? b) Construct a Forrester Diagram Membrane Transport Carrier, C:C, +S. memb k₁ k_₁ C memb memb + S out Solid Lines. There are two applications in the construction of Forrester diagrams where solid lines can be used to connect state variables. Please name them: a) b)
Transport kinetics through protein transporters can be described using the language of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The transported substance binding to its protein transporter is analogous to the substrate binding to its enzyme. Thus, KM and vmax values can be determined for protein transporters. a. Use the line graph to estimate KM and vmax values for glucose uptake max by pericytes in the presence and absence of sodium ions. Show your work! b. What do these values tell you about the binding of glucose in pericytes? Specifically, have the investigators demonstrated convincingly that an SGLT exists in pericytes? In endothelial cells? Use evidence from any of the preceding questions to support your answers.
The following table shows experimental results of the glucose transport rate, mM/sec, following facilitated diffusion by glucose carrier proteins. (Recall: the starting conc. L represents glucose added to one side of the membrane; distilled water, omM of glucose was added to the other side of the membrane). The rate of glucose transport was 0.0031 mm/sec with 8mM of glucose (run number 4, highlighted); the rate decreased to 0.0017 mM/sec with 10mM of glucose (run 5, highlighted). Why was the rate of glucose transport slower when the concentration gradient was increased? Experiment Results Run Number Solute 1 1 2 2 3 33 4 4 5 6 6 Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Ch Glucose Na Ch Glucose Nat Cl Glucose Start Conc. L Start Conc. R (MM) (mM) 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 Carriers 500 500 500 500 700 700 700 700 100 100 700 700 Rate (mm/sec) 0.0000 0.0008 0.0000 0.0023 0.0000 0.0010…
Please answer fast Transmembrane Transporters: Describe the structures and functions of the different transporters associated with prokaryotic cells that are discussed in the textbook and in lecture. Be sure to address the following points while including real world examples (along with genus/species of example organisms): Cellular Locations Protein structures that compose the transport protein/complex Activity for what is transported and what is the energy source (e.g., what is hydrolyzed or co-transported) to power the movement across the membrane
Q28. An ABC transporter consists of two domains: the transmembrane domain (shown here as Y) and the ATP-binding cassette domain (shown here as Z). Which of the following statements correctly identifies a difference between these two domains? The hydropathy index is higher for Y than Z. Exchanging domain Y with domain Z would not affect the function. Exchanging domain Z with the same domain from a different ABC transporter will not alter the specificity of transport, but swapping Y domains will. Alpha helices are only found in the Y domain. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
a. b. C. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) has recently been discovered to be important for cell survival. The synthesis of SPP form sphingosine and ATP is catalyzed by the enzyme sphingosine kinase. An understanding of the kinetics of the sphingosine kinase reaction may be important in the development of drugs to treat cancer. The velocity of the sphingosine kinase reaction was measured in the presence (5 µM) and absence of threo-sphingosine, a stereoisomer of sphingosine. The results are shown below. The sphingosine kinase used in all the reactions was 10 mg. Sphingosine (uM) 2.5 3.5 5 10 20 50 vo (mg. min-¹) (no inhibitor) 32.3 40 50.8 72 87.7 115.4 What are the KM and V MAX in the presence and absence of the inhibitor? What kind of an inhibitor is threo-sphingosine? What is the K₁ value? What is the Keat (turn over number)? vo (mg. min-¹) (with threo-sphingosine) 7.6 10.5 14.6 25.4 43.9 70.8
Cells and Membranes b. Give two examples of molecules that require energy to pass through cell membranes, why do they need energy to do so?
Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion Consider a situation where the electrical potential inside a cell is 173 mV, the electrical potential outside a cell is −60 mV, the concentration of potassium inside the cell is 20 mM and the concentration outside is 166 mM. How many millimoles of glucose are required to create the ATP necessary to transport one mole of potassium into the cell at 25.0 C and pH 7.00? Assume that aerobic respiration is working at maximum efficiency and note that accurate accounting of significant digits will help lead you to the correct answer.
Many bacterial cells contain an ATP dependent H* transporter that pushes H* out of the cells. The ATP dependent H* pump hydrolyzes 1 ATP to ADP + P; each cycle. Assume that these cells maintain a cytosolic concentration of H* at 10 µM and that the exterior concentration is held at 1.50 mM, while have a resting membrane potential of -60.0 mV (defined for transport into the cytosol), and operate at 25 °C. What is the AGT (total free energy of transport) available to conduct work using the established H* gradient? -12.4 kJ/mol -6.6 kJ/mol -23.9 kJ/mol -18.2 kJ/mol
Calculate glucose concentration. Na (sodium) and glucose secondary active transport. Na transport (which drive glucose import) G=R*T*In(Na in/ Na out)+Z*F*Y(psi symbol) Na in=14mM Na out=145MM Z=+1 F=96.5 KJ/V*mol Y(psi)=-0.05V What is the glucose in and out concentration? Please be very through when explaining this calculation. (I am stuck at why the energy sign changes from negative to positive when using the calculated energy from sodium to glucose)