How are proteins normally transported into a plant cell’s chloroplast, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)? A. they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles C B. they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperones** B mostly like C. they are secreted by the Golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes D. they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores E. they can pass freely through large pores in the inner chloroplast membrane

How are proteins normally transported into a plant cell’s chloroplast, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)? A. they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles C B. they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperones** B mostly like C. they are secreted by the Golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes D. they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores E. they can pass freely through large pores in the inner chloroplast membrane

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7QP

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Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins, which help to maintain cell shape and function. What would you predict about these proteins? A. They initially contain signal sequences that allow their entrance into the endoplasmic reticulum B. They are glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus C. They travel to the nucleus in a transport vesicle with a specific signal D. They are manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm
a. What is the function of bactoprenol in peptidoglycan synthesis? b. During peptidoglycan synthesis, removal of a phosphate group from bactoprenol pyrophosphate is inhibited. What is the immediate outcome? What does this mean for cell wall synthesis? Which antibiotic works via this mechanism? c. Bacterium Y is photosynthetic. You want to decrease the ability of Bacterium Y to produce glucose through photosynthesis. Explain how you could manipulate the light reactions of photosynthesis to decrease glucose production during the dark reactions in Bacterium Y. Include the name of the pathway that makes glucose during the dark reactions, which/how molecules from the light reactions are used in this pathway, and what specific steps of this pathway would be affected by your manipulations.
Lysozyme cleaves between NAG and NAM residues in bacterial cell walls and is, therefore, classified as a(an) O A. salt bridge, oxidoreductase O B. peptide bond; hydrolase OC. glycosidic linkage; oxidoreductase O D. glycosidic linkage, hydrolase O E. peptide bond; transferase
1) Which of the following contains all of the information required to target a precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix? a. N-terminal uptake-targeting sequence b. C-terminal uptake-targeting sequence c. post-translational organelle d. translocon e. None of the above 2) In the absence of targeting information, what is the default location of proteins synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes? a. Golgi apparatus b. ER lumun c. Cytosol d. Cell plasma membrane e. ER membrane
Ribosomes in the cytoplasm (cytosol) capture mRNA that can be translated into an enzyme (in this case a protease) to the lysosome. a) Describe what happens from the time the enzyme (protease) begins to form in the cytoplasm until it end up in the lysosome and explain how the enzyme is transported to the lysosome.
Match the letter in the diagram with the accumulation or localization of active (or about to be active) protein in a given cellular context, which is wild-type unless specified. CYTOSOL EXTRACELLULAR SPACE A 1. M6P receplor bound to ligand 2. a protein with an (N-SIG] only in a class E yeast mutant 3. plasma membrane v-SNARE 4, clathrin
Experiments performed in the 1950s to study fatty acid synthesis utilized cells containing radiolabeled 14C bicarbonate add to the cytosol. Insulin was added to the cells to stimulate fatty acid synthesis, and after a set amount of time, scientists assayed for the incorporation of 14C into various molecules. Where did the scientists find the 14C? (A) free floating in the cytoplasm(B) free floating in the mitochondria(C) incorporated into palmitate (C16) in the cytoplasm (C) incorporated into palmitate (C16) in the mitochondria (E) incorporated into acetyl CoA in the mitochondria
The LDL receptor is internalized via endocytosis every ten minutes and recycled to the membrane. How does the cell recycle the receptor and not the ligand (in this case LDL)? A. The high pH (~10) of the early endosome causes dissociation of LDL from the receptor and the receptor is segregated into recycling endosomes. B. The low pH (~5) of the early endosome causes dissociation of LDL from the receptor and the receptor is segregated into recycling endosomes. O C. A targeting sequence on the ligand sorts it to the late endosome/lysosome. D. This is an error-prone process, the ligand often gets recycled accidentally.
Match the following structures with their definitions: (1) Golgi apparatus (2) mitochondria (3) peroxisomes (4) cilia (5) endoplasmic reticulum (6) cytoskeleton (7) vesicles (8) ribosomes A. sacs that contain enzymes thatcatalyze a variety of specific biochemical reactionsB. structures on which protein synthesis occursC. structures that house the reactions that release energy from nutrientsD. a network of microfilaments and microtubules that supports and shapes a cellE. a structure that adds sugars to certain proteins and processes them for secretionF. membrane-bounded sacsG. a network of membranous channels and sacs where lipids and proteinsare synthesizedH. hairlike structures that extend from certain cell surfaces and wave about.
You are studying glycosylation in CHO cells and want to know if the sugar fucose is added to nascent proteins in the RER, Golgi or both. How might you do this experiment? Tunicamycin can stimulate the UPR pathway in cells. What is the mechanism underlying how tunicamycin works in this manner?
Why are carbohydrates the main determinants of cell-cell and immune system recognition process? A. It is found only on membrane components. B. Sugars can form a stable architectural arrangement that is unique upon simple alteration of glycosidic linkages. C. Sugars are not easily hydrolyzed D. Sugars are linked to proteins forming either glycoproteins or proteoglycans E. Sugars can link with lipids forming lipoproteins or proteolipids.
Microtubules in an animal cell: O a. undergo assembly if the concentration of GTP-bound tubulin dimers is high and a cell is exposed to vinblastine O b. undergo disassembly if the concentration of GDP-bound tubulin dimers is high and a cell is exposed to taxol O c. undergo disassembly if the concentration of GTP-bound tubulin dimers is high and a cell is exposed to colchicine O d. undergo assembly if the concentration of GTP-bound tubulin dimers is high and a cell is exposed to colchicine