first order decay reacti ler CFSTRS that are ope er) reduces the overall m tion efficiency is greate ld improve the efficienc C= 100 mg/L of a reac stant of 0.1 min ¹. Assu that it can be operated es with the detention ti
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- (a) Prove that for a first order decay reaction (k1= 2 days-1) taking place in reactors of identical size at steady state, it does not matter if you use a CMFR followed by a PFR or a PFR followed by a CMFR (i.e. show that the final treated effluent concentration, in mg/L, is approx. the same in each scenario). Assume the volume of each reactor is 15 L and the reactors in series will be used to treat a wastewater containing 5 mg/L of contaminant “C” at a flowrate of 10 L/day. (b) Does this remain true if a second order decay reaction was taking place? If not, which sequence of reactors is more efficient (i.e. removes more of the contaminant)? Assume the same reactor volumes, flow rate and contaminant concentration as in part (a), and k2 = 2 Lmg-1day-1 . You must show your derivation of the expression for a PFR with 2nd order decay.Consider the reactor shown in the figure. The flow rate through the reactor is Q m/h. The concentrations (in mg/L) of a compound in the influent and effluent are C, and C, respectively. The compound is degraded in the reactor following the first order reaction. The mixing condition of the reactor can be varied such that the reactor becomes either a completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) or a plug-flow reactor (PFR). The length of the reactor can be adjusted in these two mixing conditions to LCMFR and LPER while keeping the cross-section of the reactor constant. Assuming steady state and for C/C, = 0.8, the value of LoMER/LPER (round off to 2 decimal places) is_ Q, C CoWhen a slug of tracer is injected into a cascade of CFSTRs, a maximum value of C₁ occurs at t> 0 for all reactors except the first. Determine the time when the peak occurs in the nth reactor in terms of OH.
- (round off to 2 decimal places) is CIC, =0.8, the value of LCMFR/ LR 2 Consider the reactor shown in the figure. of a compound in the influent and The flow rate through the reactor is Q m'/h. The concentrations (in mg/L) effluent are C, and C, respectively. The compound is degraded in the reactor following the first order reaction. The mixing condition of the reactor can be varied such that the reactor becomes either a completely mixed flow reactor (CMFR) or a plug-flow reactor (PFR). The length of the reactor can be adjusted in these two mixing conditions to LCMFR and LPER while keeping the cross- section of the reactor constant. Assuming steady and for state %3D Q, C.(i) For a waste water, the BOD, at 20°C is found to be 200 mg/l. What will be BOD, at 30°C for the same? The reaction constant 'K' (to the base e) at 20°C is 0.2 per day.Water with 90 mg/L of a degradable contaminant flows through a reactor. The influent flow rate entering the reactor is 100 m3/day. The reactor has a volume of 200 m3. The contaminant is degraded in the reactor following first-order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 1.0 d-1. The reactor is well mixed throughout the time (i.e., a CSTR). Whatis the contaminant concentration in the reactor when reaching a steady state condition?(_________)
- Environmental Engineering: Water Treatment Please consider each of the following points: a. Determine the required residence time for each reactor of 3 equal volume CSTRs in series given a zero-order reaction with a reaction rate constant, k = -5 mg/L hr. The influent concentration is 125 mg/L and 95% conversion is required across the three-reactor system. What is the total reactor system residence time? b. Determine the required residence time for a single CSTR given the same conditions. c. Determine the required residence time for a PFR given the same conditions. d. Why are all three residence time the same?Develop a mathematical expression of three phase fluidized bed reactor for first order catalytic reaction A - B, accounting for reactant A at any level Z in the bedWhen the system is at equilibrium at a particular temperature, C(s) + CO2(g) =2 CO(g) a 4-L flask contains 0.40 mol CO, 0.80 mol CO2, and 0.45 mol C. What is the value of K, at that temperature? O 0.050 O 0.20 1.8 O 0.44
- An ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has an influent containing Chemical X at a concentration of 150 mg/l and a flow rate of 100 gpm (380 liters/min). Chemical X undergoes a first-order decay reaction having k = 0.40 hr –1 . Determine: 1a. The required detention time and volume of the CSTR if the effluent concentration contains 20 mg/l of Chemical X. Express the volume in both gallons and liters. 1b. Use a spreadsheet to perform the necessary calculations and then use the spreadsheet's graphing tools to plot two graphs; i. Pollutant removal efficiency, 1e, on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on the horizontal or x-axis. ii. Effluent concentration, CX1 , on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on horizontal or x-axis. Analyze and comment on the significance of the graphs. 1c. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to achieve 80 percent pollutant removal or conversion? 1d. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to…Three CSTRs are to be used in series. The second reactor has a volume twice that of the first and third reactors. The influent flow has a concentration of 150 mg/L of TOC, and the flowrate is 100 gal/min (380 l/min). The reaction is first order, the rate constant is 0.4/hr.a. Determine the mean residence time and volume of each reactor if theremoval or conversion of TOC is 90% (for the entire system as a whole).b. What is the concentration of TOC in each reactor? c. What is the overall efficiency of this treatment process?A power plant in rough terrain has a 100-m stack with an inside radius of 1 m. The plant emits 300 g/s of SO2 from the stack with an exit velocity of 10 m/s at a temperature of 120oC. Ambient temperature is 6oC and the temperature increases at a rate of 2 K/km. At 10 m above ground, surface windspeed is 1.5 m/s on a mostly cloudy night. Find the concentration (mg/m3) of SO2: Directly downwind at a distance of 2 km. At a point located 2 km downwind and 0.1 km off the downwind axis. At the point downwind where it is a maximum. Approximately how far from the stack does this occur?