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- NASH EQUILIBRIUM Consider the following game in strategic form. bị b2 a1 10,2 4,20 a2 6,28 9,14 аз 8,6 12,4 1-T-0 1-T The Equilibrium Existence Theorem guarantees that this game possesses at least one Nash equilibrium of the form (T*, o*,T*). Which values of a* are part of such an equilibrium? (Mark all values for which an associated equilibrium exists.) Select one or more: O 0.00 O 0.60 O 0.30 O 1.00 O 0.75 O 0.10 O 0.80 O 0.25The payoff matrix below describes a one-shot game in which two farmers ("Player A" and "Player B") choose between planting corn or planting wheat. The payoffs in this matrix represent thousands of dollars of income, so more is better. Pla yer A Plant Corn Plant Wheat What kind of equilibrium is this? Plant Corn Dominant Strategy Equilibrium Nash equilibrium 3, 3 Player B 5,0 Both a Nash and a Dominant Strategy Equilibrium O No equilibrium Plant Wheat 0,5 1, 1Q3 Consider the following three-player normal form game (Player 3 is the page player): Player 3 A в Player 2 Player 2 A в A B 1,2, 3 в 2,3,1 Player 1 A Player 1 A 2, 1, 3 3, 2, 1 3, 2, 1 1,2, 3 в 1,3, 2 3, 1,2 For each player, strategies are A and B. a) Find the pure strategy Nash equilibrium of the above game. Assume now that the above game is played sequentially, with Player 3 moving first, Player 1 moving second, and Player 2 moving third. b) Write down the game tree. c) For each player, list all the available pure strategies. d) Find the subgame perfect equilibrium outcome and compare it with the equilibrium outcome you found in subquestion a). Comment.
- Which of the following DOES NOT accurately describe a Nash equilibrium? O It is the set of strategies which provides the players with the highest possible combined payoffs. All of these choices accurately describe a Nash equilibrium. O It is a set of strategies such that no player can receive a higher payoff by changing only their own strategy. It is a set of strategies such that no player, after seeing what the other players' strategies were, regrets their choice of strategy. It is a set of strategies such that every player, after seeing what the other players' strategies were, is satisfied (if not actually happy) with their choice of strategy.Consider the following game: PLAYER 2 Left Middle Right Up 0,0 2,5 5.4 PLAYER 1 Middle 1,2 7,3 4,3 Down 5,5 3, 1 2, 1 Which of the following statements is true? There are two Nash equilibria, and they are both Pareto efficient. There is a unique Nash equilibrium. There are two Nash equilibria, and they are both Pareto inefficient. There are two Nash equilibria, but only one is Pareto efficient. None of these.Solve for the Nash equilibrium (or equilibria) in each of the following games. (a) The following two-by-two game is a little harder to solve since firm 2’spreferred strategy depends of what firm 1 does. But firm 1 has a dominantstrategy so this game has one Nash equilibrium. Firm 2 Launch Don’tFirm 1 Launch 60, -10 100, 0 Don’t 80, 30 120, 0 What is the Nash equilibrium of this simultaneous-move game? (b) What would the outcome of this game be if instead firm 1 moved first and then, after seeing what firm 1 chose, firm 2 chose it strategy? In this case firm 1 doesn’t necessarily need to choose a best response, but firm 2 must choose a best response since it moves second.
- Two farmers have unlimited access to a common plot of land and can let their cows graze on it. The matrix below shows the benefits they get from grazing either 1 or 2+ cows on the land. Farmer 2 Farmer1 1 cow 2+ cows 1 cow 8,8 2,10 2+cows 10,2 4,4 What kind of game is this? What is/are the Nash equilibrium/equilibria? What is/are the Pareto efficient outcome(s) in this game? (Hint: Remember that Pareto efficiency occurs when no one person can be made better off without someone else being made worse off) The government offers a reward or subsidy for communities where farmers only allow 1 cow to graze on the common field, resulting in a new payoff matrix:…Suppose you are interested in applying equilibrium theory to the following game, where 01 Nash equilibrium in which player 2 plays a sub-optimal action. {E, F}. Show that there is Bayesian Player 2 A • 1,1 GF Player 1 R • -1,0 NF 0,0 Nature A • 1,0 GE 1-p R -1, –1 NE 0,0Team 2 plays A Team 2 plays B Team 1 plays A 2, 1 0,0 Team 1 plays B 0,0 1, 2 Consider the game above. Which of the following is a Nash Equilibrium of the game? O Team 1 plays A two thirds of the time and plays the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A two thirds of the time and plays B the rest of the time. Team 1 plays A one quarter of the time and plays B the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A one quarter of the time and plays B the rest of the time. Team 1 plays A one quarter of the time and plays B the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A three quarters of the time and plays B the rest of the time. O None of the other answers are correct. Team 1 plays A two thirds of the time and plays B the rest of the time, while team 2 plays A one third of the time and plays B the rest of the time.
- Suppose China and the US are deciding whether to join an international agreement to mitigate climate change. The matrix below contains payoffs that represent each country’s net benefit from their decisions. Use this information to answer Question 24. CHINA USA Join Agreement Do Not Join Agreement Join Agreement (100,100) (0,125) Do Not Join Agreement (125,0) (25,25) [24] What does each country decide to do in a Nash equilibrium? AND What is the efficient outcome? Nash: Efficient:Consider the following price game: Firm 1 Firm 2 High Low High 20, 20 12, 24 Low 24, 12 14, 14 Remark: In simultaneous move games (games with rows and columns) theconvention is to write the row player’s payoff first and the column player’spayoff second. (a) What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? Recall that for each playeryou should find the best response to each of the opponents’ strategies andunderline the associated payoff. Then look for a cell where both strategiesare best responses to each other. This is a Nash equilibrium. (b) Does either firm have a dominate strategy (a strategy that is always abest response)?NASH EQUILIBRIUM Consider the following game in strategic form. bị b2 a1 16,12 4,20 a2 6,28 9,14 a3 8,6 12,4 1-T-0 1-T The Equilibrium Existence Theorem guarantees that this game possesses at least one Nash equilibrium of the form (7* , o*, 7*). Which values of T are part of such an equilibrium? (Mark all values for which an associated equilibrium exists.) Select one or more: 0.00 0.60 0.30 0.80 0.25 0.75 0.20 O 1.00
