Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls.

Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls.

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Consider a hypothetical single-core pipelined processor. The pipeline has 5 stages and each stage takes 1 clock cycle to execute. 5 instructions need to be executed in the processor. The first 4 of those instructions require all 5 pipeline stages. The last instruction requires only the first 4 pipeline stages. What is the minimum number of clock cycles required to execute all 5 instructions? Assume that there are no pipeline stalls. Answer: 9
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The runtimes of the five stages of executing an instruction in a non-pipelined machine are listed below. Instruction Fetch 100ps Instruction Decode 200ps 300ps 300ps ALU Memory Write Back 200ps This is then converted into a pipelined machine M1 using the most critical stage as the cycle time. For a new machine M2, we are allowed to break up exactly one stage into two substages of equal times giving us a six stage pipeline. A1: Discuss in short clear sentences the latency differences between the machines M1 and M2. A2: Discuss in short clear sentences the throughput differences between the machines M1 and M2.
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Execution sequence of instructions in a pipelined processor can be visualized using a space-time diagram. Consider a processor having 4 stages and let there be 2 instructions to be executed. We can visualize the execution sequence through the space-time diagrams of “Non-overlapped execution” and “overlapped execution”.
Consider a non - pipelined processor with a clock rate of 5 gigahertz and average cycles per instruction of six. The same processor is upgraded to a pipelined processor with five stages; but due to the internal pipeline delay, the clock speed is reduced to 4 gigahertz. Assume that there are no stalls in the pipeline. The speed up achieved in this pipelined processor is
Suppose that a task on the ARM computer runs 256M instructions during its execution. The total time it takes to execute an instruction is 120 ns. We make the assumption that the work to be performed by one instruction can be divided into an arbitrary number of pipeline stages. Now complete the following problems. b. Now suppose that the pipelining register delays and processor control overhead adds 10ns to the latency of each pipeline stage. (So, for example, if there are four pipeline stages, each instruction will have an execution latency of 160ns and the pipelined machine produces 1 instruction every 40ns.) What is the maximum speedup that can be obtained through pipelining? Assume there are no hazards (ideal pipelining).
Consider a processor running a program. 30% of the instructions of which require a memory read or write operation if the cache bit ratio is 0.95 for instructions and 0.9 for data. When a cache bit occurs for instruction or for data, only one clock is needed while the cache miss penalty is 17 clocks to read/write on the main memory. Work out the time saved by using the cache, given the total number of instructions executed is 1 million.
A processor takes 100ns and 100pJ for each instruction. The processor can be infinitely pipelined with each pipeline register taking 2ns and 2pJ. What is the throughput (average time per instruction), latency (time to complete each instruction), and energy per instruction for a 100-stage processor compared to the original processor? A. Original: B. C. Latency: Throughput: Energy: Pipelined: Latency: Throughput: Energy: Is this a good design? Which design do you choose for a server? Which design do you choose for battery-operated mobile devices? Why? —
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