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- In cats, the genotype AA produces tabby fur color; Aa is also a tabby, and aa is black. Another gene at a different locus is epistatic to the gene for fur color. When present in its dominant W form (WW or Ww), this gene blocks the formation of fur color and all the offspring are white; ww individuals develop normal fur color. What fur colors, and in what proportions, would you expect from the cross AaWw Aa Ww?The dominant C allele of a gene that controls color in corn produces kernels with color; plants homozygous for a recessive c allele of this gene have colorless or white kernels. What kinds of gametes, and in what proportions, would be produced by the plants in the following crosses? What seed color, and in what proportions, would be expected in the offspring of the crosses? a. CCCc b. Cccc c. CcCc2. Show a dihybrid cross of a plant with a genotype of heterozygous green leaf and heterozygous smooth leaf blade and another plant with a genotype of homozygous green leaf and homozygous serrated leaf blade. Consider green (WW) is dominant over white (ww) while smooth (SS) is dominant over serrated (ss). What are the possible offspring from this cross? Give the phenotype, genotype and their ratio. Make sure the phenotype and genotype were aligned with its ratio.
- A pea plant that is (RrYy) is allowed to self-fertilize. Round seed(R) is dominant to wrinkled (r), and yellow seed (Y) is dominant togreen (y). What is the probability of producing the following groupof five seeds: two round, yellow; one round, green; one wrinkled,yellow; and one wrinkled, green?1. The allele G for yellow stigma is completely dominant to green (g). Supposingtwo strains of autotetraploid plants are available and their genotypes are as follows:GGgg – in this plant the gene is close to the centromereGggg – in this plant the gene is far from the centromere If these two plants are crossed:a) provide the gametes that can be obtained from the two plants;b) provide the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring. 2. Consider the illustration below. Diagram the configuration you would observe at Anaphase I if crossing-over happens within the inversion. (IMAGE ATTACHED)On rare occasions, an organism may have three copies of achromosome and therefore has three copies of the genes on thatchromosome (instead of the usual number of two copies). Forsuch a rare organism, the alleles for each gene usually segregateso that a gamete will contain one or two copies of the gene. Let’ssuppose that a rare pea plant has three copies of the chromosomethat carries the height gene. Its genotype is TTt. The plant is alsoheterozygous for the seed color gene, Yy, which is found on adifferent chromosome. With regard to both genes, how manytypes of gametes can this plant make, and in what proportions?(Assume that it is equally likely that a gamete will contain oneor two copies of the height gene.)
- . In nature, the plant Plectritis congesta is dimorphic forfruit shape; that is, individual plants bear either winglessor winged fruits, as shown in the illustration.Wingless fruit Winged fruitPlants were collected from nature before floweringand were crossed or selfed with the following results:Number of progenyPollination Winged WinglessWinged (selfed) 91 1*Winged (selfed) 90 30Wingless (selfed) 4* 80Winged × wingless 161 0Winged × wingless 29 31Winged × wingless 46 0Winged × winged 44 0*Phenotype probably has a nongenetic explanation.Interpret these results, and derive the mode ofinheritance of these fruit-shaped phenotypes. Usesymbols. What do you think is the nongeneticexplanation for the phenotypes marked by asterisks inthe table?In maize trisomics, n + 1 pollen is not viable. If adominant allele at the B locus produces purple colorinstead of the recessive phenotype bronze and a B b btrisomic plant is pollinated by a B B b plant, whatproportion of the progeny produced will be trisomicand have a bronze phenotype?9. In con, normal kernel are dominant to waxy kernels. If you crossed a waxy kernel plant to a heterozygous normal plant what type of seeds would be produced? Normal kernels (N), waxy kernel (n) Genotype: Nn, nn Phenotype: Normal kernels and waxy kernels Genotypic Ratio: 1:1 Phenotypic Ratio: 1:1
- 6. In certain plant species such as tomatoes and petunias, a highly polymorphic incompatibility gene Swith more than 100 known alleles prevents self-fertilization and promotes outbreeding. In this form ofincompatibility, a plant cannot accept sperm carrying an allele identical to either of its own incompatibility alleles. If, for example, pollen carryingsperm with allele S1of the incompatibility genelands onto the stigma (a female organ) of a plantthat also carries the S1allele, the sperm cannot fertilize any eggs in that plant. (This phenomenonoccurs because the pollen grain on the stigma cannotgrow a pollen tube to allow the sperm to unite withthe egg.)For the following crosses, indicate whether anyprogeny would be produced, and if so, list all possiblegenotypes of these progeny. a. ♂ S1S2× ♀ S1S2b. ♂ S1S2× ♀ S2S3c. ♂ S1S2× ♀ S3S4d. Explain how this mechanism of incompatibilitywould prevent plant self-fertilization.4. A tetrahybrid smooth, yellow, cut, scattered- hair tomato plant is self-pollinated. Peach or pubescent fruit, white flowers, potato (not cut) leaf margins, hairy stems/leaves are respectively their recessive counterparts. How many phenotypic classes are there in the progeny? What fraction of the offspring can be expected to be peach, white, potato, hairy? What fraction of the offspring can be expected to be peach, yellow, potato with scattered hairs? Solutionwww Seed Shape Seed Color Pod Shape Pod Color Plant Sire Color Location Round Yellow Inflated Green Purple Axial Tall Wrinkled Green Constricted Yellow White Terminal Short (Dwarf) Source Pea Plar Charactreristics Mariana Ruiz Wikimedia Commons What would be the genotypic ratio for seed color in the F, generation? 2. O 3 homozygous dominant.0 heterozygous : 1 homozygous recessive O1 homozygous dominant 2 heterozygous : 1 homozygous recessive 0 homozygous dominant : 4 heterozygous : 0 homozygous recessive 0 homozygous dominant : 3 heterozygous : 1 homozygous recessive PrevioUS Recessive Traits Dominant Traits