At point A, note that mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) is slightly lowered despite the large fall in cardiac output (CO). a. Why is CO decreased in response to hemorrhage? b. How is blood pressure maintained so well despite the fall in CO? c. What are the afferent receptors (sensors) responsible for this relatively well-maintained blood pressure at point A? d. What changes in stimuli for these receptors may be contributing to the response at point A? e. What efferent mechanisms mediate the increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
At point A, note that mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) is slightly lowered despite the large fall in cardiac output (CO).
a. Why is CO decreased in response to hemorrhage?
b. How is blood pressure maintained so well despite the fall in CO?
c. What are the afferent receptors (sensors) responsible for this relatively well-maintained blood pressure at point A?
d. What changes in stimuli for these receptors may be contributing to the response at point A?
e. What efferent mechanisms mediate the increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute and is determined by the product of heart rate and stroke volume. Hemorrhage, or blood loss, can lead to a decrease in blood volume and subsequently reduce venous return to the heart, resulting in a decrease in cardiac output. To compensate for the decrease in cardiac output, various mechanisms are activated, including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the release of vasoconstrictor hormones. These mechanisms help to maintain blood pressure by increasing the resistance to blood flow and increasing blood volume, despite the decrease in cardiac output.
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