A) Hypothesis a Null Hypothesis or an Alternate/Alternative Hypothesis In the background section the authors wrote “We hypothesized that activated microglia might disrupt synapses, resulting in cognitive disturbance in the context of euthyroid HT, and designed the present study to test this hypothesis.” Is their hypothesis a null hypothesis or an alternate/alternative hypothesis? In the background section the authors wrote “Based on these findings, we hypothesized that neonatal brain injury may be associated with NEC.” Is this a null hypothesis or an alternate/alternative hypothesis?

A) Hypothesis a Null Hypothesis or an Alternate/Alternative Hypothesis In the background section the authors wrote “We hypothesized that activated microglia might disrupt synapses, resulting in cognitive disturbance in the context of euthyroid HT, and designed the present study to test this hypothesis.” Is their hypothesis a null hypothesis or an alternate/alternative hypothesis? In the background section the authors wrote “Based on these findings, we hypothesized that neonatal brain injury may be associated with NEC.” Is this a null hypothesis or an alternate/alternative hypothesis?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter18: Genetics Of Behavior

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS: Why do you think it has been so difficult to identify genes underlying schizophrenia? Rachel asked...

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a reasonable option for intractable depression or schizophrenia, but a mechanism of action has not been established. One credible hypothesis is related to neural plasticity. Below is the neuronal gene expression assay for four genes after ECT, normalized with the Hamilton depression rating scale of 21 items version (HAM-D-21). Which of the following conclusion you may NOT conclude from the data? ECT may convert adult neurons into IPSCs which may divide and differentiate into healthy adult neurons Neural plasticity steadily increases with the number of ECT administration ECT seems to increase the expression of Yamanaka’s four transcription factors ECT may increase neural plasticity
Looking at Fig. 3a and 3b, how do you know that 3a has a significant difference and that Fig. 3b does not? In the euthyroid HT induces ultrastructure changes in frontal synapses section of the results section the authors wrote “Quantitatively, the ultrastructure of the frontal lobe neurons revealed lower synaptic density (Fig. 5c), fewer presynaptic vesicles (Fig. 5d), shorter active zone length (Fig. 5e), thinner postsynaptic densities (Fig. 5g), and decreased synaptic curvature (Fig. 5h) in the HT mice compared with those in the Con mice.” Based on this quote would you expect nerve transmission to be faster or slower in HT mice?
Is EGFR and KRAS involved in lung cancer brain metastasis? Explain.
In the discussion section the authors wrote “Safaiyan et al. have suggested microglia lipofuscin was derived from ingested myelin fragments, but the study has not provided enough evidence to support this notion [13].” a. Considering this quote, what does “ingested myelin fragments” suggest? b.Why did you give the answer that you gave for this question? c. Does your answer to this question relate to the first sentence of the abstract and the first sentence of the background section? Background Microglia are tissue-resident immune cells in the central nervous system. Abstract Background Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, accrue autofluorescent granules inside their cytoplasm throughout their lifespan.
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Why do you think it has been so difficult to identify genes underlying schizophrenia? Rachel asked to see a genetic counselor because she was concerned about developing schizophrenia. Her mother and maternal grandmother both had schizophrenia and were institutionalized for most of their adult lives. Rachels three maternal aunts are all in their 60s and have not shown any signs of this disease. Rachels father is alive and healthy, and his family history does not suggest any behavioral or genetic conditions. The genetic counselor discussed the multifactorial nature of schizophrenia and explained that many candidate genes have been identified that may be mutated in individuals with the condition. However, a genetic test is not available for presymptomatic testing. The counselor explained that based on Rachels family history and her relatedness to individuals who have schizophrenia, her risk of developing it is approximately 13%. If an altered gene is in the family and her mother carries the gene, Rachel has a 50% chance of inheriting it.
A region on chromosome 6 has been linked to schizophrenia, but researchers have not found a specific gene associated with this disease. What steps would be necessary to locate the gene?
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. 1) What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? 2) What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples.
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For this exercise, an electron micrograph of secretory cells of the anterior pituitary is being used (Sandborn, E.B. (1970) Cells and Tissues by Light and Electron Microscopy, New York, New York: Academic Press, Inc.). The image originally measured 18.7 cm wide and 18.5 cm high with a magnification of 5200x. Given the width of the original micrograph at 18.7cm, what is the true width of unmagnified image? Show calculations.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. 1) What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? 2) What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples. Please explain in detail with your own words.