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- 9. According to the principle of competitive exclusion, what outcome is expected when two species with identical niches compete for a limiting resources? (A) one species will be extirpated, (B) both species will coexist indefinitely, (C) both species will go extinct, (D) the resource will no longer be limiting, (E) the two species will form a mutualism.1. What is diversity? 2. Differentiate between predation and herbivory. 3. List and give examples of four different defense mechanisms against predation and herbivory. 4. What is the competitive exclusion principle? 5. What is a niche? 6. What is symbiosis? 7. Define each of the three types of symbiotic relationships. 8. What is biodiversity? 9. What is species richness? 10. What is meant by relative species richness? 11. Differentiate between a foundation species and a keystone species. 12. What are several types of environmental disturbances? 13. What is succession? 14. Contrast primary and secondary succession. 15. What is a pioneer species? 16. What are the three stages of secondary succession and describe the vegetation that represents each stage.What is the outcome of competition? Will they co exist? Or being an exclusion of which species?
- 7.Optimal foraging theory suggests that ____________. A) when handling time is long relative to search time, predators should be generalists. B) specialized diets are rare in nature. C) new items are added to the diet only if their handling time is larger than average. D) when search time is long relative to handling time, predators should be generalists.Interaction exhibited by the organisms named cat and rat is called; 1: mutualism 2: commensalism 3: predation 4: parasitism 5: competition1. Describe two types of interactions between two competing species. 2. Explain how potentially competing species may co-exist. 3. Explain resource partitioning. Give an example. 4. Discuss the co-evolution of predator defences. 5. What is mutualism? Discuss in the context of coevolution. 6. Explain optimal foraging 7. Explain the Red Queen view of evolution 8. Explain one problem related to the concept of coevolution. Give an example. 9. What are the 4 examples of social behaviour among species according to Herron and freeman (2015). Discuss one example of each type of interaction.
- 23. INTERACTION 1: Burdocks are a group of weeds and dispersal of their seeds is critical to their life cycle. Their seeds have spines with hooks that allow them to be picked up by the fur of animals passing by. The spines do not hurt the animals they attach to. INTERACTION 2: Wax moths live in the nests of honeybees. Their larvae eat the stored honey of the bees, as well as the larvae of workers and reproductive honeybees. The adults mate and disperse to lay eggs in new nests. INTERACTION 3: Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor, and greenish-brown algae lives on the crabs' backs, making the crabs blend in with their environment, and unnoticeable to predators. The algae gets a good place to live, and the crab gets camouflage. Which of the above interactions is antagonistic? a. Interaction 1 b Interactions 2 & 3 c Interaction 2 d Interaction 3 e Interactions 1 & 2Coral polyps and their symbiont zooxanthallae algae are an example of....... competition facultative mutualism O obligate mutualism predationDefine predation. How does the predator-prey relationship differ from the parasite-host relationship? Why is the evolutionary race be-tween predator and prey one that the predator cannot afford to win?
- 11. Three different lizard species co-exist in the habitat shown here. Describe three different niches they might fill that would allow the species to live in the same area (resource partitioning).1. What is the ecological relationship? 2. Give an actual example of an ecological relationship (e.g., predation, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, amensalism, competition) that you find very interesting. Specify the species involved and provide the details of the relationship between the species. Also, explain why you found the particular example very interesting.What is coevolution? Discuss in the context of predators and prey.
