2. Translation rate is slow for the rare codon(s) because0.8 1.0Select]0.6codon frequency in gene0.0 0.2 0.4slow3. If we examined a different species, the common codon for tyrosine will be the same. [Select]TACTATTyrThe graph above shows translation rate for different genes within one species. Examine the graph and answer the following questions.1. Which codon is most likely a common codon? [Select]translation ratefast<TACTAT

Translation is the process by which the messenger RNA (mRNA) is coded into a protein sequence with…

1.0 0.6 0.8 codon frequency in gene 0.0 0.2 0.4 slow TAC TAT Tyr fast translation rate The graph above shows translation rate for different genes within one species. Examine the graph and answer the following questions. 1. Which codon is most likely a common codon? [Select] 2. Translation rate is slow for the rare codon(s) because [Select] 3. If we examined a different species, the common codon for tyrosine will be the same. [Select] TAC TAT

1.0 0.6 0.8 codon frequency in gene 0.0 0.2 0.4 slow TAC TAT Tyr fast translation rate The graph above shows translation rate for different genes within one species. Examine the graph and answer the following questions. 1. Which codon is most likely a common codon? [Select] 2. Translation rate is slow for the rare codon(s) because [Select] 3. If we examined a different species, the common codon for tyrosine will be the same. [Select] TAC TAT

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter28: Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, And Repair

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Figure 28.41 gives some examples of recombination in IgG codons 95 and 96, as specified by the Vkand...

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Given the mRNA sequence below, 5'-UUCCCAAAGUAU-3'Answer the following below:1. What is the sequence of amino acids using the table of genetic code? (three-letter abbreviation)2. Given the situation that a mutation occurs by substitution of the 12th nucleotide with cytidine 5'-monophosphate, what is the resulting amino acid sequence?3. What type of mutation occured? Specific what type under frameshift and point mutations
Below is a sequence of DNA.5'-ttaccgataattctctctcccctcttccatgattctgattaaagaaggcgagaacgaaactatttgttaatacc-3' How many "reading frames" can be identified for this sequence? How many "open reading frames" can be identified for this sequence? What is the frame of the longest ORF? How many codons are in the longest ORF? What is the frame of the shortest ORF? How many AA are in the shortest ORF? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the shortestORF (from N to C-terminal end)? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the longestORF (from N to C-terminal end)?
16. Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 3-amino acid polypeptide: 5'-ATGTGGTCATGA-3' Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above? First base in codon U C A G UUU UUC- UUA UUG- H₂N+ H H₂N-C- Phe (F) CUU- CCU CUC CCC CUA CCA CUG- CCG AUU ACU AUC Ile (1) ACC AUA ACA AUG Met (M) start ACG- GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG- GCG Nonpolar side chains; hydrophobic Leu (L) U Side chain (R group) OH CH₂ Leu (L) H₂N-C Val (V) HO Glycine (Gly or G) CH3 S CH₂ CH₂ Polar side chains; hydrophilic H O Methionine (Met or M) 0 H₂N-C Second base in codon UCU UCC UCA UCG OH CH, CH HO Aspartic acid (Asp or D) HO Alanine (Ala or A) 0 H O Serine (Ser or S) HO Threonine (Thr or T) Electrically charged side chains; hydrophilic CH3 H₂N-C-C-0- Acidic (negatively charged) CH₂ H₂N+ C CH₂ CH₂ H₂N-C-C-0- H₂N-C- C CH₂ Ser (S) Pro (P) Thr (T) H O…
16. Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 3-amino acid polypeptide: 5'-ATGTGGTCATGA-3' Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above? First base in codon U A UUU UUC- UUA UUG- CUU CUC CUA CUG- AUU- ACU AUC Ile (1) ACC AUA- ACA AUG Met (M) start ACG GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG- GCG H₂N- U Phe (F) Leu (L) Leu (L) Nonpolar side chains; hydrophobic Val (V) Side chain (R group) H H₂N-C-C-0- HO Glycine (Gly or G) CH₂ H₂N*- CH₂ CH₂ H O Methionine (Met or M) Polar side chains; hydrophilic 0 CH₂ Second base in codon H O Aspartic acid (Asp or D) UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG Alanine (Ala or A) OH CH₂ H₂N-C C 0 H₂N-C C 0 H O Serine (Ser or S) H O Threonine (Thr or T) Electrically charged side chains; hydrophilic OH CH3 CH -0- H₂N+- Acidic (negatively charged) CH₂ H₂N-C-C-O HO C Ser (S) Pro (P) CH₂ CH₂ Thr (T) CH₂ H₂N-C Ala (A)…
28. a. Can a tRNA exist that has the anticodon sequence 5' IAA? If so, which amino acid would it carry? b. Answer the same question for the anticodon sequence 5' xm³s²UAA. 29. For parts (a) and (b) of Problem 28, consider the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs. (Assume both tRNAs exist even if that is not true.) What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? What is the sequence of the template strand of each gene for these same three nucleotides? Be sure to indicate polarities.
2 a) The following nucleotide sequence is found on the template strand of DNA: 3-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5" Determine the amino acids of the encoded peptide, then provide the altered amino acid sequence of protein that would result from each of the following mutations and provide their classification (eg. Missense, nonsense, etc). 益券 A transition at nucleotide 11 A transition at nucleotide 13 A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 AT to A transversion at nucleotide 15 An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 A transition at nucleotide 9
Below is a sequence of DNA. 5'-ttaccgataattctctctcccctcttccatgattctgattaaagaaggcgagaacgaaactatttgttaatacc-3' How many codons are in the longest ORF? What is the frame of the shortest ORF? How many AA are in the shortest ORF?
Consider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 5- amino acid polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTCGAACTCATAA-3' Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above? First base in codon U U A UUU UUC- UUA UUG- CUU CUC CUA CUG- U Phe (F) Leu (L) Leu (L) Second base in codon Val (V) UCU - UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG AUU ACU- AUC Ile (1) ACC AUA- ACA AUG Met (M) start ACG GUU GCU- GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG GCG- C Ser (S) Pro (P) Thr (T) Ala (A) UAU UAC UAAT UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG A Tyr (Y) STOP His (H) Gln (Q) Asn (N) Lys (K) Asp (D) Glu (E) G UGU UGC UGA STOP UGG Trp (W) Cys (C) CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA 1 AGG GGU- GGC GGA GGG Arg (R) Ser (S) Arg (R) Gly (G) U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G Last base in codon
1. Here is the amino acid sequence of part of a hypotheticalgene you want to clone:Pro-Arg-Tyr-Met-Cys-Trp-Ile-Leu-Met-Ser a. What sequence of five amino acids would give a 14-merprobe with the least degeneracy for probing a library tofind your gene of interest? Notice that you do not use thelast base in the fifth codon because of its degeneracy. b. How many different 14-mers would you have to makein order to be sure that your probe matches thecorresponding sequence in your cloned gene perfectly? c. If you started your probe one amino acid to the left of theone you chose in (a), how many different 14-mers would youhave to make? Use the genetic code to determine degeneracy.
Below is a sequence of DNA. 5'-ttaccgataattctctctcccctcttccatgattctgattaaagaaggcgagaacgaaactatttgttaatacc-3' Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the shortest ORF (from N to C-terminal end)? Using the one letter code for Amino Acids, what is the predicted AA sequence of the longest ORF (from N to C-terminal end)?
8. The following diagram illustrates a step in the process of translation. fMet Pro mRNA UAC GGG AUGCCCACG UAG a) Identify the following elements on the diagram. Aminoacyl site (A) Peptidyl site (P) Exit site (E) Amino end of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain Carboxyl end of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain Approximate location of the next peptide bond that will be formed
Determine the sequence of amino acids specified by the codons in the following information strand. AGG TCT TCA GGG AAT GCC TGG CGA GAG GGG AGC AGC TGG TAT CGC TGG GCC САА Then determine the sequence of amino acids if an insertion occurred to the left of the first adenosine and changed the reading frame as shown below. Notice that (1) the insertion is shown on the left by the lower-case “i", and (2) the bases are still in the same sequence; they are just shifted so that they are read differently. IAG GTC TTC AGG GAA TGC СTG GCG AGA GGG GAG CAG СTG GTA TCG CTG GGC CCA Suppose a single-nucleotide polymorphism occurred in the original strand to make the change shown below. Would this affect the resulting protein? Explain. This is the original strand AGG TCT TCA GGG AAT GCC TGG CGA GAG GGG AGC AGC TGG TAT CGC TGG GCC CAA This is the strand with the SNP. (The change is shown in red.) AGG TCT TCA GGG AAT GCC TGG CGA GAG GGG AGC AGC TAG TAT CGC TGG GCC САА Suppose a different single-nucleotide…