1. More than 2000 years ago human cultures figured out a way to produce iron metal from rocks containing iron ores. This iron could be worked by a blacksmith (repeated heating and hammering) to make iron metal pure enough for creating useful tools (even Samurai swords). This direct heating technique was common up until about 200 years ago when people found a better way to obtain iron metal. When hematite, Fe2O3(s), is strongly heated in a blast furnace in the presence of charcoal (carbon), pure iron metal is obtained. Fe2O3() 2 Fe(s) + 3/2 O2 (g) (1) C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2(g) (2) When reaction 1 is coupled to reaction 2, overall chemical equation is Fe2O3() + 3/2 C() 3/2 CO2(g) + 2 Fee) Use the thermodynamic data given below for the following calculations: AG¡ (kJ/mol) | 4H¡ (kJ/mol) | S (J/mol-K) Fe2O3(s) -742.2 -824.2 87.40 Fes) 27.28 CO2(8) -394.36 -393.51 213.74 C (6) 5.74 O2 (2) 205.14 a) Calculate the standard Gibb's free energy change for reaction 1 b) Calculate the standard Gibb’s free energy change for reaction 2. c) What is the standard Gibb’s free energy change for the overall coupled reaction?
1. More than 2000 years ago human cultures figured out a way to produce iron metal from rocks containing iron ores. This iron could be worked by a blacksmith (repeated heating and hammering) to make iron metal pure enough for creating useful tools (even Samurai swords). This direct heating technique was common up until about 200 years ago when people found a better way to obtain iron metal. When hematite, Fe2O3(s), is strongly heated in a blast furnace in the presence of charcoal (carbon), pure iron metal is obtained. Fe2O3() 2 Fe(s) + 3/2 O2 (g) (1) C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2(g) (2) When reaction 1 is coupled to reaction 2, overall chemical equation is Fe2O3() + 3/2 C() 3/2 CO2(g) + 2 Fee) Use the thermodynamic data given below for the following calculations: AG¡ (kJ/mol) | 4H¡ (kJ/mol) | S (J/mol-K) Fe2O3(s) -742.2 -824.2 87.40 Fes) 27.28 CO2(8) -394.36 -393.51 213.74 C (6) 5.74 O2 (2) 205.14 a) Calculate the standard Gibb's free energy change for reaction 1 b) Calculate the standard Gibb’s free energy change for reaction 2. c) What is the standard Gibb’s free energy change for the overall coupled reaction?
Principles of Modern Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Chapter12: Thermodynamic Processes And Thermochemistry
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 42P
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Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:1. More than 2000 years ago human cultures figured out a way to produce iron metal from rocks
containing iron ores. This iron could be worked by a blacksmith (repeated heating and hammering) to
make iron metal pure enough for creating useful tools (even Samurai swords). This direct heating
technique was common up until about 200 years ago when people found a better way to obtain iron
metal.
When hematite, Fe2O3(s), is strongly heated in a blast furnace in the presence of charcoal (carbon), pure
iron metal is obtained.
Fe2O3()
2 Fe(s) + 3/2 O2 (g)
(1)
C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2(g)
(2)
When reaction 1 is coupled to reaction 2, overall chemical equation is
Fe2O3() + 3/2 C()
3/2 CO2(g) + 2 Fee)
Use the thermodynamic data given below for the following calculations:
AG¡ (kJ/mol) | 4H¡ (kJ/mol) | S (J/mol-K)
Fe2O3(s)
-742.2
-824.2
87.40
Fes)
27.28
CO2(8)
-394.36
-393.51
213.74
C (6)
5.74
O2 (2)
205.14
a) Calculate the standard Gibb's free energy change for reaction 1
b) Calculate the standard Gibb’s free energy change for reaction 2.
c) What is the standard Gibb’s free energy change for the overall coupled reaction?
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