. Transgenic mice are generated that are capable of expressing the poly-immunoglobulin receptor. Secretion of whic of the following antibody isotypes will be altered in these mice (a) IgA (b) IgD (c) IgE (d) IgG
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1. Transgenic mice are generated that are capable of expressing the poly-immunoglobulin receptor. Secretion of whic of the following antibody isotypes will be altered in these mice
(a) IgA
(b) IgD
(c) IgE
(d) IgG
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Solved in 2 steps
- 1. If an lg has a hydrophilic C terminus, then which of the following is true of the cell? The cell is a B cell and the immunoglobulin is bound to the membrane. A. B. C. D. E. The cell is a B cell and is producing IgA. The cell is a plasma cell and is secreting antibodies. The cell is an immature B cell and is secreting antibodies. The cell is a naive Plasma cell and is producing immunoglobulin.Which of the following does not contribute to generating the diversity of antigen-binding specificities among immunoglobulins? a. somatic hypermutation b. random combination of heavy and light chains c. somatic recombination d. activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) e. alternative splicing of heavy-chain RNA transcripts.All of the following statements regarding immunoglobulin gene rearrangement are true except a. Non-B cells retain their chromatin containing the immunoglobulin loci in a ‘closed’ configuration. b. T-cells never transcribe immunoglobulin genes. c. There is only one promoter on the heavy-chain locus that is 5ʹ of the V segments. d. Pax-5, a transcription factor, interacts with enhancer sequences positioned 3ʹ of the heavy-chain C-region genes. e. Transcription of immunoglobulin loci precedes gene rearrangement.
- 6. The function of allelic exclusion is an increase in the ................of antibodies?. A.sensitivity B. diversity C. specificity D. affinity E. magnitude 7. The specificity of antibody secreted by a B-cell may not be the same as that of the surface Ig of the clonal parent because of: A Class switching B Somatic hypermutation D Alternative splicing E DNA recombination C Allelic exclusionFig. 1. AKAP11 and RIα are degraded by autophagy. (A) Brain lysates of Atg7F/F (Control) and Atg7F/F-SynCre (cKO) were subjected to immunoblottinganalysis with the indicated antibodies. (B) Quantification of protein levels in A. Unpaired Student’s t tests were used, and values are presented as mean ± SEM(n = 3 mice/genotype). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant. (C) Brain lysates of Atg14F/F (Control) and Atg14F/F-SynCre (cKO) were subjected toimmunoblotting analysis with the indicated antibodies. (D) Quantification of protein levels in C. Unpaired Student’s t tests were used, and values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4 mice/genotype). **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant. (E) Atg7 WT and Atg7 KO MEF cells were nutrient starved by usingEBSS for the indicated times, and cells were assayed by immunoblotting analysis with the indicated antibodies. (F) Quantification of the protein levels from Ewas obtained by normalizing the level of proteins to Actin,…Surprisingly, humans as well as mice deficient in the complement protein, C3, have greatly reduced antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigens, and are impaired in their ability to control HSV infections. When C3-deficient mice are infected with HSV, once at day 0 and then a second time 4 weeks later, their antibody response is altered compared to wild-type mice, as shown in the figure #3 below. a) What is a likely explanation for the altered antibody response in the absence of complement C3? For fugure #4: For this experiment, mice are infected with varying doses of the HSV-rd virus, and peak IgG responses to the viral surface glycoproteins are measured. The results are shown in the fugure #4. b) What is the most likely explanation for these data? Do these results impact your answer to the part above (a)? Explain your reasoning.
- 1:Describe the various stages of T cells and the events that occur during each of these stages during T cell development. What stages of T cell development would be affected in mice with the following genetic mutations? Justify your answer. a) Mice that do not express MHC Class I molecule. b) Mice that do not express Rag1 c) Mice that do not express the pre-T-alpha chain 2:Transgenic mice that have constitutive expression of Rag1/2 are being used in an experiment to study pre-BCR signaling. Based on your knowledge of early B cell development, speculate on what might be the fate of BCR rearrangement and how will this affect further development of B cells in the bone marrow? please answer in full detail I want long well explained answers.1 It was stated that the Rh antigens are so sparsely scattered on the red cell surface that IgG molecules bound to the Rh antigens are too far apart to fix C1q. Therefore, complement-mediated hemolysis cannot be invoked to explain hemolytic disease of the newborn. By what mechanism are the red cells destroyed?Explain how site-specific recombination of the κ light-chain gene increases antibody diversity.
- (53) A immunosuppressive 47-year old woman who receives a renal allograft develops cytomegalovirus(CMV) pneumonia. A clone of CMV specific CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes from an HLA matched donor is grown in tissue culture in the presence of a cytokine and is subsequently transfused into the patient to treat the CMV infection. Which of the following cytokines is most likely to support the growth of cytolytic T lymphocytes in the tissue culture? (A) Interferon gamma '(B) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) (C) IL-2 (D) IL-3 (E) IL-4 (F) IL-5 (G) IL-6 (H) IL-7 (I) Transforming Growth Factor Beta (H) Tumor necrosis factor Alpha1.A given B cell expresses only maternally or paternally derived heavy chains but never both. This observation is the result of A. antibodydiversity.B. isotypeswitching.C. allelicexclusion.D. affinitymaturation.E. randomVJgenerearrangement. 2.Which of the following antibody classes or isotypes facilitate the sequential binding of the C1, C4, C2, and C3 components of the complement system? A. IgAandIgD B. IgAandIgE C. IgDandIgM D. IgE and IgG E. IgMandIgG2. The following is false about the junctional diversity of antibodies? A. insertion of none-coded nucleotides to the ends B. Insertion of pallindromic nucleotides to both ends C. TdT adds or remove nucleotides at the exposed ends of the V, D or J genes D. occurs exclusively in all lymphocytes including NK cells 3. The following is false about somatic hypermutation? A Are not transmitted to offspring B occurs in all T cells C occurs only within germinal centers D Activation-induced cytidine deaminase plays an important role E occurs in variable regions CDR hotspots of Ig genes H and L chains