Medications off label is a patient right. The Brazilian pharmaceutical market is the ninth largest in the world and the second among the BRIC countries (First is China, with Russia and India occupying third and fourth), annually handling about R $ 28 billion, a growth trend. Among the six largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, four are Brazilian. Currently there are about 540 pharmaceutical companies registered in Brazil. The growth of this sector, in general, has been remarkable and very favorable to patients. The high investment in research and development of new drugs allowed disease very recently (from a historical point of view) taken by incurable or high mortality rate may gradually being controlled by the use of drugs and. In some cases, this evolution walks to the discovery of a cure. AIDS may be cited as notorious example, emerged in Brazil in the early 80s, with a high rate of mortality and suffering, and "only" 16 years later, it became a disease that through the drugs allow the infected person lead a normal life, "in a chronic and controllable way". However, according to economic data released by the Association of Pharmaceutical Research (Interfarma) in Brazil they invested just over $ 139 million in research, while in the world they invested $ 40 billion. Brazil 's participation in clinical trials worldwide is 1.2%, and the time taken for approval of a clinical trial in Brazil is between 10 and 14 months. Between 2005 and 2009 the international patent
Whenever in charge of the management of a patient’s medication, the nurse should first and foremost be focused on the “12 rights of Medication administration” as indicated in the ‘Pharmacology in Nursing’ textbook (Broyles, 2012). This applies both in the pre-operative phase and every other branch of nursing.
Economic: Globalization of the pharmaceutical industry is an exciting opportunity to have research and development done at cheaper prices in other countries. However, this could be a double edged sword for companies because it is easy for other countries, such as India, to produce generic versions of the drug in bulk.
As decades pass, it becomes evident that medical research plays a vital role in saving lives and containing deadly epidemics. Without the advancement of modern medicine, these lethal diseases could undeniably erase mankind in its entirety. AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome, was the fire that medical researchers were trying to contain since the first reported case of AIDS swept across American headlines on June 5, 1981 (“Timeline”). As mentioned in the Billy Joel’s song “We Didn’t Start The Fire,” AIDS played an influential role in shaping modern medicine and treatment. Acquired immune deficiency puzzled researchers from the start, however, physicians discovered the origin, method of transfer, treatment, and containment methods for
U.S. based companies hold rights to most of the world’s rights on new medicines and holds thousands of new products currently being developed. As of 2012, the industry helps support almost 3.4 million jobs in the U.S. economy. It is also one of the most heavily R&D based industries in the world. In the United States, the environment for pharmaceuticals is much friendlier than other countries around the world in terms of pricing ability and regulations. Both the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology industries have experienced significant growth in the past year with year-over-year increases of 13.02% and 34.69% respectively. It is an even more striking when looking at the past five years considering both have beat out the S&P 500 with pharmaceuticals increasing an additional 31.44% and the biotechnology sector besting an astonishing 269.3% more return than the
It wasn’t until 1989 that scientists discovered the presence of HIV in the blood in AIDS patients. Scientists then transferred their efforts towards treating HIV. This spurred a research on a global scale as this breakthrough in the now HIV/AIDS epidemic has come to the light. The now FDA and CDC were major
Aids is a disease that is increasing rapidly. Even though there is more efficient technology today
Five of the top ten pharmaceutical companies are located in the United States and the other five are European companies, all of these companies combined, employ approximately 787,000 people. The ranking of the following pharmaceutical companies are based on
This paper will follow some of the major epidemics in world history. It will demonstrate how the treatments of patients in the past have changed over time. The major diseases that took out a majority of the world’s populations are now curable and the diseases are now regulated. The paper will begin with the most iconic
Ghillyer (2014), explains that how organizations are operated and controlled as corporate governance. Pharmaceutical companies have been the focus of questionable conduct in regards to corporate governance for years. Unlawful promotions and marketing of drugs as well as failure to properly and accurately report safety date led to several off-label lawsuits (Ghillyer, 2014).
The improvement of medicine over the course of the human successes gave great convenience to the people of today. Science has cured and prevented many illnesses from occurring and is on its way to cure some of the most dreadful and harmful illnesses. As the world modernizes due to the industrialization, so does the ways of medicine. Some cures are approached by chance, some, through intense, scientific measures.
demand that society leads us all to believe in our healthcare potential for curing oppose to attending to the needs of the sick individual. (Riggs, A. 2016).
The Federative Republic of Brazil is Latin America's biggest economy and is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of land mass and population with about 192 million people. Brazil’s economy, the 6th largest in the world, grew 2.7% in 2011. Growth slowed due to reduced demand for Brazilian exports in Europe and Asia, despite solid domestic demand and a growing middle class.
Although ninety-five percent of people living with HIV/AIDS are in developing countries, the impact of this epidemic is global. In South Africa, where one in four adults are living with the disease, HIV/AIDS means almost certain death for those infected. In developed countries however, the introduction of antiretroviral drugs has meant HIV/AIDS is treated as a chronic condition rather than a killer disease. In developing countries like South Africa, the drugs that allow people to live with the disease elsewhere in the world, are simply too expensive for individuals and governments to afford at market price.
Further more, with other benefits such as low costs in research and development, strong clinical research capabilities, and low sovereign risk, Australia is advancing as one of the most prominent players in the pharmaceutical industry (Productivity Commission 2003). Australia’s population represents 0.3% of the world’s population and consumes around 1% of the total global pharmaceutical sales. The industry generated a total revenue of $6.1 billion in the year 2002 (ALRC 2014).
This report provides an analytical strategic review of the global pharmaceutical industry; its origin, evolution,