cf_theories_counseling_chart_Course_Revision (2)

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Theories of Counseling Chart As you progress through this course, you will create a Theories of Counseling Chart summarizing key aspects of each theory. As you review the theories each week in COUN 5239 – Theories for the Counseling Profession , respond to each theory’s corresponding questions in the document below. There is also a section for you to draft a statement reflecting your personal model of counseling. You will be able to refer to this personalized chart throughout your classes, into your practicum and internship, and as you prepare for your licensure exam. List of Theories  Reality Theory.  Feminist Theory.  Narrative Theory.  Solution-Focused Theory.  Family Systems Therapies.  Integrative Theory. Personal Model of Counseling In reading chapters 6-8, I really resonated with Reality Therapy. I agree that we are responsible for our display of behavior. I think it is important to focus on the future rather than the past when it comes to making behavior choices. Week 6: Reality Theory Key Concepts Who is primarily considered the proponent(s) or creator of reality theory? What are the philosophical assumptions and key concepts of this theory, including how and why people develop problems? Robert Wubbolding According to Wubbolding (2015), behavior sends messages of what we are doing. Reality therapy focuses on a relationship that is not there or is lacking. The client holds responsibility for themselves and has more control of their own behavior than they lead on. Wubbolding also states that the counseling environment is safe and empathy is present in order for clients to improve interpersonal relationships (Corey, 2022). C hoice theory insists that we are born with 5 characteristics that are essential for life. Those are survival, love and belonging, power, freedom, and fun. Corey (2022) notes that our mind monitors our feelings to see if our satisfaction is being met. Choice theory states that all we do from birth to death is behave and those behaviors are chosen or generated within. According to Wubbolding, behavior sends messages of what we are doing. Theory of Change How can reality theory help a person overcome problems? What must a person do to improve mental health, wellness, and functioning? Reality therapy can help a client to focus on the present, work toward their future, and not reflect on the past. Clients taking responsibility for their own choices will have better behavior outcomes. Interventions What interventions or techniques does the counselor use to help bring about change? The WDEP (wants, doing, evaluation, planning) system helps individuals recognize their behaviors, becoming 1

aware of their wants, and their perception of the world (Wubbolding, 2015). School counselors can implement the WDEP system by setting up group activities where students engage with other students and build relationships with. Wubbolding (2015) believed that quality is the fundamental issue of education. He focused on creating a Quality School with a criteria where total learning competency was emphasized. Who Is in Charge? What Is the Role of the Client and the Counselor? What is the counselor responsible for in sessions? What is the client expected to do? Who takes the leading role in the interaction? The practitioner works to have the client focus on what they are doing themselves, rather than the practitioner. They assist clients in self assessing their own behaviors, actions, wants, and needs to develop an action plan and create the changes they desire. Clients are expected to stray from past experiences and symptoms, but instead on actions. Counselors often challenge the client as a part of self-evaluation for the client. Appropriateness for Diverse Populations Based on research, what is the appropriateness of the counseling theory for diverse populations (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability)? Be sure to format your sources in APA style. Counselors implementing reality therapy show respect for cultural values of clients and help them to identify how their behavior is satisfying to themselves and others. With this, clients can develop an action plan that aligns with their cultural beliefs and values. This is especially beneficial to those that have been acculturated to Western society. Scholarly Articles, Books, and Web Resources on the Theory From your own internet and library search, list web links for credible organizations supporting this counseling theory and references for scholarly articles and books providing evidence for its effectiveness. Be sure to format your sources in APA style. Corey, G. (2023). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning US. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780357764473 Wubbolding, R. E., & Brickell, J. (2015). Counselling with Reality Therapy . Speechmark Publishing Limited. Week 7: Feminist Theory Key Concepts Who is primarily considered the proponent(s) or creator of feminist theory? What are the philosophical assumptions and key concepts of this theory, including how and why people develop problems? There are no single founders of Feminist theory, rather a collective effort based on inclusion and can be traced back to the 1800s. It was originally created to improve mental health treatment for women. By the 1960s, the feminist movement made efforts when women began to voice their dissatisfaction of the role of females based on traditional standards. Feminist theory can be described as gender fair, multicultural, and life-span oriented (Corey, 2022), which can differentiate socialization processes between men and women, rather than innate natures. What was once described as therapy for women, by women, can now be expanded to individuals or groups regardless of age, gender, race, class, or sexual orientation. Theory of Change How can feminist theory help a person overcome problems? What must a person do to improve mental health, 2

wellness, and functioning? Feminist theory explores patriarchal social forms, oppression, and exploitation, and offers a way of understanding social life. Observation of how gender and racial inequality shape social and economic life are explored in feminist theory. Finding one’s voice, exploring activism, and individual practices to overcome social issues. Interventions What interventions or techniques does the counselor use to help bring about change? Empowerment-this intervention is tailored to each client and is the main goal of feminist therapy. Self-disclosure-establishes informed consent and involves the presence of the therapist brought to the session. Gender-role and Social Identity Analysis-helps clients to identify how their socialization plays a role in their behaviors, thoughts, and beliefs. Gender-role and Social role Intervention-focuses on society’s role in the situation. Power Analysis- helping women and others from marginalized groups understand their devalued position in society. Helps clients acknowledge power differences between sexes. Bibliotherapy-Using books about feminism and multicultural perspectives on social and common issues women face (like domestic violence, rape, incest, etc.) in which a woman would blame herself. Assertiveness training-promotion of assertive behavior for women to gain awareness of their interpersonal rights, stereotypes on gender roles, and promoting positive beliefs. Reframing and Relabeling-Reframing shifts negative beliefs about a situation happening to a victim from, thinking it is their fault, to environmental factors being the root of the problem. Relabeling changes the labels placed on certain behaviors (ex. Masculine and selfish to strong and independent. Social Action-clients are encouraged to join activist groups and become involved in social issues awareness to become empowered and find connections in personal experiences and the context of their lives. Who Is in Charge? What Is the Role of the Client and the Counselor? What is the counselor responsible for in sessions? What is the client expected to do? Who takes the leading role in the interaction? The counselor/client role is a collaborative effort in feminist therapy. The counselor works to be empathetic, emotionally available, and be open with their personal experiences to model positive and proactive behaviors. They are committed to understand oppression in all forms and the impact on one’s psychological well-being. They also set aside their own biases specifically with social and cultural dimensions that women experience (Corey, 2023). They provide a safe environment for the client free from judgment and impositions. Clients are encouraged to share their stories and experiences openly to empower their voice. Regardless of gender, a client is urged to express their emotions and determine what they want out of the therapeutic process. Appropriateness for Diverse Populations Based on research, what is the appropriateness of the counseling theory for diverse populations (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability)? Be sure to format your sources in APA style. 3

Feminist therapy is the therapeutic approach that is most commonly with perspectives related to social and multicultural issues. People of color, multicultural and ethnic backgrounds, and certain gender identifications face oppression and discrimination on large scales and this approach aims to tackle those societal issues so those marginalized groups have more inclusion. It’s vital to understand the dynamics of one’s culture, with positive and negative relation. Scholarly Articles, Books, and Web Resources on the Theory From your own internet and library search, list web links for credible organizations supporting this counseling theory and references for scholarly articles and books providing evidence for its effectiveness. Be sure to format your sources in APA style. Bell, E., Merilainen, S., Taylor, S., & Tienari, J. (2019). Time’s up! Feminist theory and activism meets organization studies. SAGE , 72 (1), 4-22. Corey, G. (2023). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (11th ed.). Cengage Learning US. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780357764473 Week 8: Narrative Theory Key Concepts Who is primarily considered the proponent(s) or creator of narrative theory? What are the philosophical assumptions and key concepts of this theory, including how and why people develop problems? Narrative therapy is strength-based and focuses on the collaboration between client and counselor to empower the client and help them find the way they want to live their life. Credit can be given to Michael White and David Epston, in which White (Corey, 2023) believed that individuals' interpretive stories construct meaning for their life and are seen as the truth. Theory of Change How can narrative help a person overcome problems? What must a person do to improve mental health, wellness, and functioning? Narrative therapy is process-oriented and focuses on externalizing and finding meaning in the problem to find something hidden (Conti et al., 2022). Language used by the client is prioritized in narrative therapy and clients are encouraged to describe experiences in a new language. Interventions What interventions or techniques does the counselor use to help bring about change? Questions-The use of questions opens dialogue to gather information about the client and how their problems emerged. Externalization- opens opportunities for new stories and empowers the client to face and handle their problems. Deconstruction- breaks down the problems and assumptions made about an event and identifies alternate possibilities for their life. Unique outcomes-The counselor has a discussion with the client about choices or successful moments regarding the problem, in which the client was able to have a positive outcome. 4

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