03 Fascinating Phenom

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School

Emory University *

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Course

150

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

4

Uploaded by daniellagallardo2003 on coursehero.com

1 03 FASCINATING PHENOMENON DIRECTIONS For questions that have numerical answers, you must express them with the correct significant figures according to the standard conventions. You need to show your work for problems involving calculations. Use units and where appropriate show your use of the factor-label method for calculations. Do not write out the question into your assignment document, please give only the answers. Submit a pdf file of your work. FUEL IN A LIGHTER Questions 1-3 are a continuation of the homework problem in the assignment last week. Here’s a synopsis of what you learned already. In your homework last week, you solved a problem about a sample of gas that was collected by the water displacement method. The mass of the gas dispensed was 0.0771 g, and the volume of gas collected was 40.0 mL. The temperature was 19.8 °C, the atmospheric pressure was 740.0 mmHg. From these data, the molecular weight was calculated as 47.6 g/mole. Unfortunately, the water displacement method of collecting gas suffers from a type of error known as systematic error. Fortunately, knowing the vapor pressure of water is 17.5 mmHg at 19.8 °C you were able to correct the systematic error and determine the molecular weight of the gas was measured as 48.8 g/mole. So, there we are. All up to date. You have the best measurement of molecular weight for that gas available. Question 1 and 2 relate to the following passage written by the student who performed this experiment. “The gas sample is known to contain only hydrocarbons (molecules containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms). The measured molecular weight of the flammable gas is closest to propane (44.1 g/mole) but lies between propane and butane (58.1 g/mole). I, therefore, conclude that there is a possibility that the sample is not a pure compound but rather it is a mixture containing equal parts propane and butane.” This seems qualitatively reasonable, after all, if your gas sample is a mixture, then the molecular weight that you calculate for it should be somewhere between the two values. But the apparent molecular weight of a mixture of gasses is a weighted average of the molecular weight for the two gasses based on the mole fraction of each gas . 1. Write an equation for the molecular weight of a mixture of gasses based upon this statement. In your equation, call the mole fraction of the gasses x P and x B (for propane and butane). See the help box below for help with fractions. Hint: Recall that in Chem 150 lecture you made quite a study of weighed averages earlier in the semester. This follows the same logic.
2 2. From this equation you developed in the question above, you can calculate the molar ratio of the two gasses in the sample. What is the actual molar ratio of gasses if the sample is a mixture? Give your final answer as a mole fraction of each component. HELP WITH MOLE FRACTION I know mole fractions are confusing. A mole fraction is the amount of something in moles divided by the total number of moles present. If the mixture were equal moles of each component the answer to a question about mole fraction would be x P =0.50 and x B =0.50 where x B is the (typical) variable used for the mole fraction of butane and x P is mole fraction of propane. Remember, these are fraction of the whole, so the two fraction better sum up to 1. For more help you can always use Google. You also see the unit mole percent. It is the same as mole fraction, only converted into percent. Finally, it always helps to have something that you can relate it to, so here goes. Calculate the white mole fraction and the blue mole fraction for the system below. x white mole = x blue mole = This exercise is not a problem set problem. It is a teaching moment. Don’t put the answer in your homework. Thanks. Question 3 and 4 relate to the next part of her discussion. “If instead, the gas sample is one pure substance, propane, then the difference between the true molecular weight and the measured value represents an error of 11%. Since the weight measurement was made with an
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