BIOS242_Pick_Your_Pathogen

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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242

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Biology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Title Title Name CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY Date

Title Abstract This paper will discuss the pathogen associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and use ideologies learned in class to describe this pathogen. HIV is a virus that has the skill to avoid the immune system, invade host cells, and cause a wide range of diseases. Numerous facts of HIV will be discussed in great detail throughout this essay. Article Summary The article “Four Decades of HIV/AIDS- Much Accomplished, Much To Do” goes into great detail and specifics on HIV/AIDS. This article is great because it provides a timeline of what information has been founded throughout the past 40 years regarding HIV. It gives incite on different tests and practices that were developed throughout the years. It also touches bases on even though antiretrovirals drugs were created, an effective vaccine still needs to be created to end the HIV epidemic. Pathogen Information Classification of microorganism- HIV is a known virus. It is a microorganism that can solely reproduce in hosts in their cells. HIV is part of the family Retroviridae. According to Yuko (2021), “HIV is further classified as a lentivirus, a type of retrovirus that binds to a specific protein called CD4. Retroviridae viruses can infect mammals (including humans) and birds and are known for causing immunodeficiency disorders as well as tumors” (p. 1). The importance of these facts gives individuals an understanding of the characteristics of the virus and who the virus can affect. Cellular/ structural (in case of viruses) characteristics. Measuring in at only about 100 nanometers in diameter, HIV is a relatively small virus. HIV has a genome that is surrounded by its lipid envelope. The lipid envelope is made up of two single-stranded RNA. The virulence

Title factors include the skill to avoid the immune system and to destroy specific immune cells (CD4+ T cells). HIV is also not gram-stainable. This information helps individuals to understand how HIV infects and destroys host cells. Susceptibility to antibiotics/ antiviral or antifungals . According to Vaillant and Gulick (2022), “Antiretrovirals are drugs used to treat HIV infections/AIDS, and they are used in various combinations, commonly referred to as highly active retroviral therapy” (p. 3). These drugs work by interfering with the virus replication, which help hold up the development of the virus. HIV has a very high mutation level, so over time it can develop a resistance to antiviral drugs. Growth conditions. In host cells are where HIV mostly reproduce. HIV need certain environments to reproduce like a pH between 7.0 and 8.0 and a colder temperature. HIV has a lytic cycle life. This information is great to know because it aids individuals in understanding how and what conditions HIV grows and spreads throughout the human body. Evasion of immune system. HIV evades the immune system in multiple different techniques. HIV can alter their surface proteins, that makes these proteins difficult for the immune system to identify the disease. They can also hide in the cells of their host; there they will not be seen by the immune system. HIV destroying specific immune cells helps escape an immune reaction as well. This information is crucial to know because it assists individuals in understanding how HIV is capable of living in the body and cause havoc despite the immune system being present. Disease(s) caused, symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. After some time HIV could develop into full blown Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is the increasing decay in the number white blood cells that help defend the body against

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