Week+2+Body+Temperature+Statistics+Homework 2024-01-30 19_00_03 2024-01-30 19_34_30

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name:____Valeria Becerra________ Lab Section:____11_________________ Biol 256L Body Temperature Statistics Activity (10 points) You may work on this activity in your lab groups, but each student must turn in their own worksheet. Turn in this assignment by the beginning of your Week 3 lab. For this assignment, students should download the “Normtemp.xls” dataset and use Excel to statistically analyze the data. Background: In 1992, Mackowiak, Wasserman and Levine conducted a study to determine whether the previously established normal value for human body temperature (37C or 98.6F) was accurate. The researchers measured baseline oral temperatures from 148 healthy men and women aged 18 to 40 years one to four times daily for three consecutive days using an electronic digital thermometer. The study was conducted in a controlled environment, on an inpatient basis, at the University of Maryland Center for Vaccine Development. In this assignment, you will use the data from the Mackowiak study to: a. Conclude whether, according to this study, 98.6 degrees F should be the accepted normal body temperature b. Determine whether there were differences in body temperature between male and female subjects Instructions: How to determine statistical significance with a T-Test in Excel Download the normtemp.xls file. To perform a T-test in excel, click the sigma button in the top toolbar, then select “more functions” and scroll down to TTEST. The two-sample student’s T-test is used when determining if the means of two populations are equal. Use this test to determine whether the data collected for one group is significantly different than the data collected for another. For example, if you would like to determine whether resting heart rate is different in a group of males vs females, simply select all the data points for males (Array 1) then all the data points for females (Array 2), select tails = 2, then for test type, select 2 (because the subjects in the male and female experimental groups are different people). The result is the p value for the t-test. If p is equal to or less than 0.05, the difference between the treatments may be considered “significant.” If the value is greater than 0.05 the treatment made no difference in the variable that was measured.

QUESTIONS: 1. Fill out Table 1 (below). (3 points) a. Does the result of your analysis indicate that 98.6 degrees F is the true mean oral temperature for humans? (1 point) It is not true. The average for all subjects was 98.2 degrees F b. Why do you agree or disagree with the results of this study? (1 point) I do not agree with this study. It is possible that their needed to be more test subjects. As well as people from all different backgrounds. We don’t really know how healthy or unhealthy any of the subjects were. 2. Fill in Table 2 (below). (2 points) a. Do males have a significantly different mean oral temperature than females? (1 point) According to this study, yes, they do. By about 0.3 degrees F b. Name two possible physiological reasons for this result. (2 points) One reason for this outcome of females having a higher temperature is because of their menstrual cycle and hormonal changes. Another reason is because women have a higher body fat percentage. Table 1. Average body temperature for experimental subjects. Average Temperature Females 98.4 Males 98.1 All Subjects 98.2 Table 2. P-value for differences between male and female body temperature. T-test P value Is the difference significant? Male vs Female Body Temperature 0.02393 Yes it is significant since it is lower than 0.05

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