IMG_0397

103) Emphysema is an obstructive type of disorder that results in a person having normal lung volumes but decreased forced expiratory reserve rates Group of answer choices True False 104) The Bohr Effect says that O2 is more easily released from hemoglobin as more H+ ions bind to the hemoglobin molecule.  Group of answer choices True False 105) When you have very low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood due to hypocapnia or hyperventilation, the immediate affect is a decrease in the breathing rate Group of answer choices True False 106) Decreased blood pressure results in a decrease of the heart rate.   Group of answer choices False True

113. A 10-month-old girl develops a cough and grunting following a 3-day hospital stay for surgical repair of a cleft palate. Her temperature is 39.2°C (102.6°F), and respirations are 40/min. Crackles are heard over most lung fields, and breath sounds are decreased. There is a mild pleural rub in the right upper thorax. Her leukocyte count is 68,000/mm³ (85% segmented neutrophils, 10% bands, and less than 5% myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes). Which of the following mechanisms most likely caused the increased leukocyte count in this patient? A) Accelerated release of cells from the bone marrow postmitotic reserve pool B) Decreased margination and rolling of circulating cells C) Increased production of myeloblasts in the spleen D) Shift in bone marrow from eosinophil production to segmented neutrophil production E) Transformation of myeloid stem cells

. Two days after undergoing an abdominal hysterectomy, a 40-year-old womman has shortness of breath while walking. She appears apprehensive and has a low-grade fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Lungs are clear on auscultation. An x-ray of the chest shows no abnormalities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?A. Aspiration pneumoniaB. AsthmaC. AtelectasisD. Nosocomial pneumoniaE. Pulmonary emboli

Mae Raven has iron deficiency anemia. She complied to eat foods high in iron such as green leafy vegetables and red meat in adequate amounts. She also takes in Vitamin C supplements. She drinks iron fortified milk twice a day. Three weeks after, a returned check-up was made, still the hemoglobin is at low level. a.) Discuss the cause of persistently low hemoglobin levels, in relation to Food-food and Food-drug interactions.

How would you describe your breathing? Do you have allergies?What type(s) of allergies do you have?What relief measures do you use?

Emphysema patients are sometimes called "Pink puffers"    1: Describe what happens to lung tissue to cause emphysema   2: Do emphysema patients have high or low compliance?   3: Do they have normal FEV1 values.   4 Describe 2 symptoms of emphysema   5: What can cause emphysema

. Mr Rao, a 65-year-old man comes with complaints of shortness of breath. He says it started 3 years ago when he used to carry heavy loads up and down a flight of stairs for his job. He changed his job because of the shortness of breath. He complains that over the years it has progressively worsened. He has a 40 pack-year smoking history and he continues to smoke 5-6 cigarettes per day. He had a myocardial infarction 8 years ago and had undergone stent replacement for the same. His past history is also significant for chronic bronchitis for 5 years. He has had one exacerbation in the last 1 year treated with oral antibiotics. Auscultation reveals decreased breath sounds, bilaterally. Which of the following can you expect to be increased in this patient? A. Forced vital capacity (FVC) B. Forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) C. FEV1 /FVC ratio D. Functional residual capacity

Which of the following would best describe a person with an obstructive pulmonary disease? Group of answer choices must choose one answer a person who's FEV1/FVC ratio is higher than normal a person who's respiratory rate (RR) is greater than their metabolic demand a person who's forced vital capacity (FVC) is lower than normal a person who's forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is less than 80% of their forced vital capacity (FVC)

12) A 68-year old male patient has a history of long-term heavy smoking for more than 30 years, a history of chronic bronchitis for 17 years, and dyspnea with progressive aggravation in the past 3 years. Chest x-ray examination showed:The brightness of lung field increased, and the vascular texture around lung field decreased and became fine The patient's lung function test results are most likely to be() A FEV1/FVC40% B FEV1/FVC75%,RV/TLC75%,RV/TLC>40% E RV/TLC>40%,FEV1 accounted for 90% of the estimate

Is lung transplantation a solution for emphysema? Can new technology be useful in the treatment of emphysema? Why or why not?

explain and name two health scenarios that can slow or discourage our lungs fully oxygenating the blood.

80 words comment about the article Surfactants in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Infants and Children: Past, Present and Future

Match the Law/Effect with its definition/description   A. Boyle’s Law B. Henry’s Law C. Dalton’s Law D. Haldane Effect E. Bohr Effect   1. The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume   2. A lower, more acidic pH promotes oxygen dissociation from hemoglobin   3. Hemoglobin saturated with oxygen has a low affinity for carbon dioxide   4. The concentration of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas   5. The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture

CHAPTER 19 | MANUAL RESUSCITATORS AND MANUAL VENTILATION 30 9. Identify possible clinical situations/disorders that would imitate the changes in compliance and resistance as demon- strated on the lung simulator in a patient requiring manual ventilation. I A. B. C. D. Normal compliance, normal resistance Increased compliance, decreased resistance Increased compliance, increased resistance Decreased compliance, increased resistance E. Decreased compliance, decreased resistance

Don Paladio had been a pharmacist in New York City.  He retired to Florida and spent the better part of everyday swimming in the Gulf.  He was healthy and strong.  Gradually, however, his years of smoking began to compromise his lung's capacity.  Soon, he could not swim at all.  He enjoyed the beach from under his umbrella.  Eventually, the trips to the beach were not possible.  The diagnosis was pulmonary emphysema and COPD.  Oxygen was needed, and his activities were diminished to cooking dinner for his wife and himself.  Don was embarrassed about the oxygen tank and would no longer go out in public.  He died when he was 85. 1.Discuss the impact of both diseases in Don's life 2.What, if anything, could have been done to make his suffering less difficult? 3.Identify characteristics of such long-term chronic illnesses that are particularly difficult. ***INCLUDE CITATIONS IN MLA 9TH EDITION PERDUE OWL***

Which option best describes the following figure? Y (fraction saturation) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 20 Oxygen Binding plot 40 60 p02 (torr) 80 100 A) Curve x = adult haemoglobin, curve y = fetal haemoglobin B) Curve x = myoglobin, curve y = haemoglobin C) Curve x = fetal haemoglobin, curve y = adult haemoglobin D) Curve x = fetal haemoglobin, curve y = myoglobin E) Curve x = adult haemoglobin, curve y - myoglobin

JR is a 56 yo man with h/o asthma, HTN and hyperlipidemia. He presents to the ER today with h/o shortness of breath for 45 minutes at rest. He reports that he was feeling well and in his usual state of health until about an hour ago, when he smelled something burning. 20 minutes later, he began to feel short of breath and was wheezing. He tried using his albuterol inhaler without success, so he proceeded to the ER. Upon arrival, he was tachycardic, tachypneic, wheezing, using accessory muscles and hypertensive. His last admission for an asthma attack was 2 months ago. He denies a recent cold or URI and says the albuterol usually helps him when he feels an attack coming on and tends to use it on a daily basis. He generally has wheezing and shortness of breath on a daily basis. JR reports poor sleep due to waking about 2 times a week for shortness of breath. He has 2 cats, which sleep next to him on his pillow and he lives in an apartment complex. JR does not smoke, but his neighbor…

10. Match the terms in column B to the descriptions in column A. Column A 1. connects the larynx to the main bronchi 2. includes terminal and respiratory as subtypes 3. food passageway posterior to the trachea 4. covers the glottis during swallowing of food 5. contains the vocal cords 6. indentation on the lung where the lung root structures enter and exit 7. pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax 8. site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood 9. connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx 10. pleural layer in contact with the surface of the lung 11. increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity 12. separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity Column B a. alveolus b. bronchiole C. conchae d. epiglottis e. esophagus f. hilum g. larynx h. palate I. J. k. I. pharyngotympanic tube parietal pleural trachea visceral-pleura

95) Oxygen dissolves more readily in blood plasma than CO2 does. Group of answer choices True False 96) 20  molecules of hemoglobin can bind ______molecules of oxygen? Group of answer choices 80 60 40 30 97) Air flows in and out of the lungs due to differential air pressure gradients. Therefore, air flows from the outside atmosphere into the lungs because the _____________________________ Group of answer choices Pressure inside the lungs is less than outside the lungs Pressure inside and outside the lungs are equal Pressure outside the lungs is less than inside the lungs

Scenario three I was working evenings in the emergency department of a seaside hospital. We admitted a 54-year-old man, whom I'll call Mr. Schmidt. He told me, “I just got here for vacation, and I'm not feeling so great. I had pneumonia at home, got treated, and thought I was better. Now my breathing feels lousy again." A check of his vital signs while he was sitting quietly revealed the following: T 99° C, P 138 beats/min, R 36 breaths per minute, BP 168/80 mm Hg. As I helped him to the stretcher, he became significantly more short of breath. I checked his lung sounds and heard a lot of congestion. I notified the doctor and voiced my concern that Mr. Schmidt seemed quite ill. The doctor examined him and ordered an electrocardiograph and chest x-ray study. During this time we got very busy. I was helping another patient when the doctor came to me and said, "I want you to give Mr. Schmidt 80 mg of furosemide (a diuretic) IV now and discharge him." I looked at him skeptically and said,…