Aquaculture Science
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781133558347
Author: Parker
Publisher: Cengage
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Evolution
Biologists define evolution as the change in the frequency of alleles
(variations of a gene) in a population. Consider the following situation:
Two colors of grasshoppers-brown and red-result from the two
variations (alleles) of the color gene in this species. These
grasshoppers live in two areas: an area with brown soil, and on
an adjacent mountain with reddish soil.
All the grasshoppers in both areas were accidentally killed by a
fire.
Ecologists re-introduced 1000 red and 1000 brown grasshoppers
into each of the two soil areas. And, grasshoppers are a great food
source for any bird that can catch them.
1. What do you think the ecologists discovered when they returned to
the experimental sites five years later?
2. What factor controls the actual color of a grasshopper?
3. What determines the color frequency of grasshoppers in the two soil
areas?
4. Is there only one direction of change during evolution? Explain your
answer.
What is Microevolution?
A) The change of a population over several generations
B) The history of a species from its origin
C) The history of all populations and their descendants
Evolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three variants identified as Variant 1 with high reproductive rate, eats fruits and seeds; Variant 2, thick fur, produces toxins; and Variant 3 with thick fur, fast and resistant to disease. These variants are found in a cool, wet, and soil environment. In time 0 years with cool and wet environment, the population is 50,000 with 10,000 Variant 1, 15,000 Variant 2, and 25,000 of Variant 3. Two thousand years past, the environment remained the same with constant average temperature and rainfall. Variant 1 with a population of 26,000, Variant 2, 35,000, and Variant 3, 62,000. A disease spread throughout the population. However the population increased to 72,000. Determine the percentage increase in the population of the variants.
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Say there is a population of plants that live in a wetland, and are adapted to tolerate both flooding and drought. One year, the wetland floods completely, and only the most water-tolerant plants are able to survive. The wetland never drains, and over many years the plants adapt to stay submerged all year. Many generations later, the wetland returns to being wet and dry, and the entire population dies out. Is this an example of a historical constraint or genetic correlation?arrow_forwardBriefly describe the process of evolution by natural selection and how the process has shaped the inverted biomass pyramid (below)?arrow_forwardMutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Consider a population of 500 diploid individuals. If a mutation resulting in a single copy of a novel allele occurred in a gene in one individual, what is the frequency of the new allele in the population? 0.05 0.000001 0.001 0.005 0.002arrow_forward
- In the US, many farmers regularly use the herbicide glyphosate to keep their fields free from weeds. Now, however, they are reporting the presence and spread of “superweeds” which are resistant to the said herbicide. Give a brief explanation of this situation using what you learned about natural selection. (Modified from Hoefnagels, 2016)arrow_forwardConsider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?arrow_forwardAccording to Darwin’s model of evolution, evolution can only occur if there is some variation present among the individual members of a population. Which statement best describes the source of this variation among members of a species? A) variation exists because different individuals will have different access to food and other resources B) individuals will vary depending on geography and climate C) variation exists because not all genes will be affected D) variation among individuals may arise as a result of mutations in the genetic codearrow_forward
- Briefly describe the following: i) Genetic Drift ii) Gene Flow iii) Heterosis iv)Effective Population v) Adaptive Evolutionarrow_forwardBASED ON THIS GRAPH: A small community that is heavily infested with mosquitoes was sprayed weekly with the insecticide DDT for several months. Daily counts providing information on mosquito population size are represented in the graph below. Provide a biological explanation for the changes in the mosquito population over time. Use the terms: insecticide resistance/resistant, natural selection, favorable trait, reproduce, mutation/sexual reproductionarrow_forward, make a diagram illustrating the evolution of a domesticated crop (preferably one that is cultivated or grown in your area). You may use any medium (crayons, colored pencils, etc.) which is readily available to you. Your output will be evaluated based on content (Does the diagram show information that is valuable and relevant to the theme?), organization (Does the diagram present information in a clear and orderly manner?), presentation (Are the layout and design of the diagram attractive and neat?) and graphics (Do the illustrations creatively and adequately support the information that the diagram intends to relay? Are the illustrations big enough to be identified from at least 1 meter away?).arrow_forward
- Which of the evolutionary processes discussed in the material presented can introduce genetic variation into a population? a) natural selection and genetic drift b) mutation and gene flow c) natural selection and nonrandom mating d) mutation and genetic driftarrow_forwardDescribe autotrophy and heterotrophy and provide a few examples of each that illustrate the diversity of how organisms obtain energy. What trade-offs are associated with the heterotrophic consumption of live animals versus dead plant materials? Why is the mutation critical to the formation of new alleles and central to the evolutionary process? Give examples and explain in terms of allele frequency changearrow_forwardExplain the meaning of the following statement: “Individuals within a population will not evolve, the population evolves.”arrow_forward
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