What equation (below) represents the last step of oxidative phosphorylation? Recall that cyt Cox represents xidized cyt c and cyt Cred indicates the reduced form of cyt c. A. B. C. cyt Cox + glucose cyt Cred + CO2 cyt Cred + O2 = cyt Cox + H₂O cyt Cox + e + H+ cyt Cred + H2 D. cyt Cox + O2 cyt Cred + H₂O E. cyt Cred + H₂O = cyt Cox + O2
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- Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: c. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residueConsider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC b. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. What is the number of net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC b. ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue d. net ATP yield of ATP in the complete oxidation of the fatty acid residue II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)
- Consider 3 molecules of galactose: (write only the whole number; no decimal places) How many turns of Krebs Cycle will these molecules undergo for complete oxidation? b. How many moles of ATP are produced upon complete oxidation via malate-aspartate shuttle? c. If all the galactose molecules oxidize via pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative stage only), how many moles of NADPH will be produced?Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: a. ATP yield obtained from the oxidation of acetyl CoA entering the TCA cycle and ETC b. ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residue c. ATP yield obtained from FADH2 coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residueDecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Calculate the net ATP yield when decylic acid undergoes complete B oxidation. The formula of decylic acid is shown below: (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP.) O 50 ATP O 52 ATP 66 ATP OH O 64 ATP
- .Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate con- centration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP, calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions. The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration: [ATP] + 1/2[ADP] [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]The reaction catalyzed by phosphorylase is readily reversible in vitro. At pH 6.8, the equilibrium ratio of orthophosphate to glucose 1-phosphate is 3.6. The value of ΔG°’ for this reaction is small because a glycosidic bond is replaced by a phosphoryl ester bond that has a nearly equal transfer potential. However, phosphorolysis proceeds far in the direction of glycogen breakdown in vivo. Suggest one means by which the reaction can be made irreversible in vivo.. Because of the position of arsenic in the periodic table, arsenate (AsO}-) is chemically similar to inorganic phosphate and is used by phosphate-requiring enzymes as an alternative substrate. However, organic arsenates are quite unstable and spontaneously hydrolyze. Arsenate is known to inhibit ATP production in glycolysis. Identify the target enzyme, and explain the mechanism of inhibition.
- Draw the structures of the activated carbon groups bound to thiamine pyrophosphate in three enzymes that contain this coenzyme. Hint: Keto–enol tautomerism may enter into the picture.Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). I. For one mole of the fatty acid residue, determine the following: b. What is the number of ATP yield obtained from NADH coming from the complete β-oxidation of the fatty acid residueA. Explain why it is important that an energy producing pathway contains at least one regulatory enzyme, you can use either glycolysis or TCA enzymes to discuss this answer B. The first step in glycolysis involves the conversion of glucose to glucose-6- phosphate. Briefly explain how this reaction occurs as it is an endergonic reaction. C. Why is it important that the cell has a number of different high-energy biomolecules?