The enthalpy of combustion and the standard enthalpy of formation of a fuel can be determined by measuring the temperature change in a calorimeter when a weighed amount of the fuel is burned in oxygen. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the combus- tion of isooctane, C3H18(€), to CO2(g) and H2O(€). Isooctane is a component of gasoline and is used as a reference standard in determining the “octane rating" of a fuel mixture. (b) Suppose 0.542 g isooctane is placed in a fixed-volume (bomb) calorimeter, which contains 750 g water, ini- tially at 20.450°C, surrounding the reaction compart- ment. The heat capacity of the calorimeter itself (excluding the water) has been measured to be 48 J K-1 in a separate calibration. After the combustion of the isooctane is complete, the water temperature is mea- sured to be 28.670°C. Taking the specific he: to be 4.184 J K-1g¬!, calculate AU for the combustion of 0.542 g isooctane. (c) Calculate AU for the combustion of 1 mol isooctane. (d) Calculate AH for the combustion of 1 mol isooctane. (e) Calculate AH°; for the isooctane.
The enthalpy of combustion and the standard enthalpy of formation of a fuel can be determined by measuring the temperature change in a calorimeter when a weighed amount of the fuel is burned in oxygen. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the combus- tion of isooctane, C3H18(€), to CO2(g) and H2O(€). Isooctane is a component of gasoline and is used as a reference standard in determining the “octane rating" of a fuel mixture. (b) Suppose 0.542 g isooctane is placed in a fixed-volume (bomb) calorimeter, which contains 750 g water, ini- tially at 20.450°C, surrounding the reaction compart- ment. The heat capacity of the calorimeter itself (excluding the water) has been measured to be 48 J K-1 in a separate calibration. After the combustion of the isooctane is complete, the water temperature is mea- sured to be 28.670°C. Taking the specific he: to be 4.184 J K-1g¬!, calculate AU for the combustion of 0.542 g isooctane. (c) Calculate AU for the combustion of 1 mol isooctane. (d) Calculate AH for the combustion of 1 mol isooctane. (e) Calculate AH°; for the isooctane.
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Chapter4: Energy And Chemical Reactions
Section4.8: Measuring Reaction Enthalpies: Calorimetry
Problem 4.17E
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