Some mice have a mutation in the liver isozyme of pyruvate kinase leading to an inability to be phosphorylated. What are the physiological consequences going to be from this mutation? Explain your answer.
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Some mice have a mutation in the liver isozyme of pyruvate kinase leading to an inability to be phosphorylated. What are the physiological consequences going to be from this mutation? Explain your answer.
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- Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) is dependent on indicators of energy charge (i.e. ATP/ADP ratio) and redox status (i.e. NADH/NAD* ratio). Answer the following questions about regulation of the PDH. a. The PDH is subject to regulation by a kinase and a phosphatase. Upon phosphorylation by the kinase, activity of PDH is reduced. Removal of the phosphoryl by the phosphatase increases activity of PDH. For the following metabolites, select whether the kinase that acts upon PDH is likely to be allosterically activated or inhibited by the molecule. ATP: [Select] NADH: [Select] b. When oxygen is depleted, the electron transport chain does not flow. What effect would these conditions have on activity of the PDH and why? (note, superscript does not work in the dropdown menu so NAD+ = NAD*) What effect?: [Select] Why?: [Select]Between your evening meal and breakfast, your blood glucose drops and your liver becomes a net producer rather than a consumer of glucose. Which statements describe the hormone-stimulated process that triggers glucose production by the liver? The increase in (CAMP] causes protein kinase A to phosphorylate pyruvate kinase, thus inhibiting glycolysis in muscle tissue to promote gluconeogenesis in the liver. The decrease in [fructose 2,6-bisphosphate] stimulates FBPase-1, the key enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Epinephrine stimulates an enzyme cascade involving hepatic protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphorylase b kinase, which eventually leads to glycogen breakdown in the liver. O The rapid decrease in blood glucose levels triggers glucagon release by the pancreas. Glucagon stimulates CAMP-dependent phosphorylation of PFK-2/FBPase-2, which decreases [fructose 2,6-bisphosphate]. The decrease in [fructose 2,6-bisphosphate] stimulates PFK-1, the key enzyme in gluconeogenesis.The action of glucagon on liver cells leads to inhibition of pyruvate kinase. What is the most probable mechanism for this effect?
- In muscle tissue, the rate of conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate is determined by the ratio of phosphorylase a (active) to phosphorylase b (less active). Determine what happens to the rate of glycogen breakdown if a muscle preparation containing glycogen phosphorylase is treated with: (a) phosphorylase kinase and ATP; (b) PP1; (c) epinephrineThe pyruvate kinase isozyme in cancerous cells has low activity compared to the isozymes in other tissues. What effect would this have on the cells and how does it promote tumor growth?Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDH kinase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of a specific Ser residue on the E1 subunit of the enzyme, rendering it inactive. One strategy to treat a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency disease involves administering dichloroacetate, a compound that inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. How might this strategy be effective? The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be enhanced by inhibiting the kinase. O The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be enhanced by phosphorylation. O The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can be enhanced by increasing concentrations of PDH kinase. O None of the above.
- The serine residues in acetyl CoA carboxylase that are the target of the AMP-activated protein kinase are mutated to alanine. What is a likely consequence of this mutation?In animal tissues, the ratio of active, unphosphorylated to inactive, phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex regulates the rate of pyruvate conversion to acetyl‑CoA. Choose an answer in the brackets to finish the sentences. Treatment of a preparation of rabbit muscle mitochondria containing the PDH complex with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, ATP, and NADH causes the rate of this reaction to [decrease, increase, stay the same] Treatment of a preparation of rabbit muscle mitochondria containing the PDH complex with pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and Ca2+Ca2+ causes the rate of this reaction to [decrease, increase, stay the same] Treatment of a preparation of rabbit muscle mitochondria containing the PDH complex with malonate causes the rate of this reaction to [decrease, increase, stay the same]A strain of mice has been developed that lack the enzyme phosphorylase kinase. Yet, after strenuous exercise, the glycogen stores of a mouse of this strain are depleted. Explain how this depletion is possible.
- The glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyses the following reaction: +H₂N- H - - CH₂ - CH₂ COO acide glutamique COO™® + NAD+ + H₂O GDH COO C: CH₂ CH₂ COO™ O + NH4+ NADH + H* The activity of GDH is monitored in the sense of the formation of glutamate using the following conditions: -0.2 mL of 5 M ammonium sulphate 2.4 mL of buffer at pH 8 0.1 mL of NADH at 6.15 mg.mL-¹ (M = 709 g.mol-¹) 0.2 mL of 1 M a-ketoglutarate solution Warm mixture at 25 °C for 5 min - Add 0.1 mL of GDH solution containing 1.6 mg.mL-¹protein to start the reaction. acide a-cétoglutarique The change in absorbance at 340 nm is monitored, in a 1-cm cuvette, every minute for 10 min. Results are given in the table below: Data: ENADH at 340 nm = 6220 M¹.cm¹ Time (min) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.760 1.718 1.675 1.635 1.595 1.550 1.510 1.489 1.476 A340 10 1.451 - Draw the graph A = f(t). Calculate A340 at t = 0 and place this point on the curve. - Comment the shape of the curve, particularly the portion that corresponds to a…Von Gierke’s disease is also known as glycogen storage disease type I. Patients with von Gierke’s disease lackglucose 6-phosphatase activity. Two prominent symptoms of this disorder are fasting hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis (elevated lactate levels in the blood), especially during strenuous exercise. Explain why these symptoms occur. What chemical reaction does this enzyme catalyze? Which pathways involve this enzyme? Lacking thisthe enzyme will cause impairment of which pathways?• Pls consider what pathways are affected by Von Gierke’s disease. Include in your explanation involving Cori’s cycle. can you please do not write by your hand? I mean computer if you can. thank youVon Gierke’s disease is also known as glycogen storage disease type I. Patients with von Gierke’s disease lackglucose 6-phosphatase activity. Two prominent symptoms of this disorder are fasting hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis (elevated lactate levels in the blood), especially during strenuous exercise. Explain why these symptoms occur. What chemical reaction does this enzyme catalyze? Which pathways involve this enzyme? Lacking thisenzyme will cause impairment of which pathways?• Pls consider what pathways are affected by Von Gierke’s disease. Include in your explanation involving the Cori’s cycle.