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Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
The partial sequence of one strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule is
5′ – – – GACGAAGTGCTGCAGAAAGTCCGCGTTATAGGCATGAATTCCTGAGG – – – 3′
The cleavage sites for the restriction enzymes EcoRI and PstI are shown below.
Write the sequence of both strands of the DNA fragment created when this DNA is cleaved with both EcoRI and PstI. The top strand of your duplex DNA fragment should be derived from the strand sequence given above
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- 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 -I---- 5' АTCGGTCТCGGCTACTACАТАAАСGCGCGCATATATCGAТАТСТАGСТАGСТАТCGGTCTAGGCTACTАC 3' TAGCCAGAGCCGATGATGTATTTGCGCGCGTATATAGCTATAGATCGATCGATAGCCAGATCCGATGATG I--------I--- --I--- --I------ --I--- -I---------I Promoter 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 -I---- 5' CAGGTATсGGTCTGATCTAССТAGCTTCTтсттстстстстсссссGCGGGGGCTGTACTATСATGCGTCG 3' GTCCATAGCCAGACTAGATCGATCGAAGAGAAGAGAGAGAGGGGGCGCCCCCGACATGATAGTACGCAGC -I- -I------- -I--- -I---------I RBS 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 -----I--- ---I-- ------I- ---I---------I---- -I---------I 5' тстCGGCTАСТАCGTAAACGCGCGCATATAтCGATATCTAGCТAGСТАТСGGTстCGGCTACTAсGTAAA 3' AGAGCCGATGATGCATTTGCGCGCGTATATAGCTATAGATCGATCGATAGCCAGAGCCGATGATGCATTT 220 230 240 250 --I----- ---I-- ------I--- -I 5' CCCTATTAGCATGGGTCATATTTGTGTCTGCTTGTTGGGT 3' GGGATAATCGTACCCAGTAGAAACACAGACGAAGAACCCA a. What are the nucleotides of the MRNA from gene Z? b. What are the amino acids encoded by gene Z? ( Vate VWhat do you mean by tracrRNA?ScX O 2020/ X Chapt O Pla + x ti Grades x - Micros x Attach x 2 Edpuz x (1) Dia x A quizizz.com/join/game/U2FsdGVkX19u5PV2q0828jgMm6BEgGF6fEPUbfvRFnusX%252BvbgoJX50wVADbL6X.. Johnson - Bo.. A Classes Course stream ti Planner - ProgressB. Holt McDougal Onli. G snake - Google Sear. O YouTube C 2KMTCentral | NBA A Actively Learn 1/7 Streak Whose research suggested that DNA was helical? Chargaff Watson Crick Franklin
- AGTGCAGCTC CAGCCGACCC CCGGGACGTA GACAAGGGCA GGCGCGCGGT 50 GAAGACTGCG GCCGGCCGCG TAGCCGCGCT GTGGTCCCGC TGGCCTTCTC 100 TTGGGCCGCG CACCCTCCGG ACCTGCGTCG GGATCCTCCC GGAGTCTCCC 150 GCTCTCTCCT CCCGGCTTGC GAACATGCGG CCCCTTAAGC CCGGCGCCCC 200 TTTGCCCGCA CTCTTCCTGC TGGCGCTGGC TTTGTCCCCG CACGGAGCCC 250 ACGGGAGGCC CCGGGGGCGC AGGGGAGCGC GCGTCACGGA TAAGGAGCCC 300 AAGCCGTTGC TTTTCCTCCC CGCGGCCGGG GCCGGCCGGA CTCCCAGCGG 350 CTCCCGGAGC GCAGAAATAT TCCCAAGAGA CTCTAACTTA AAAGACAAAT 400 TCATAAAGCA TTTCACAGGG CCGGTCACAT TTTCACCAGA ATGCAGCAAA 450 CATTTCCACC GACTCTATTA CAATACCAGG GAGTGCTCAA CGCCAGCTTA 500 TTACAAAAGA TGTGCTAGAT TGTTAACAAG ATTAGCAGTG AGTCCACTGT 550 GCTCCCAGAC CTAGCAAAAC TACCCTACAT TTCCTAAGAA TGTACATCTA 600 ATTTGAAGAA AAAGTGCCTC AAATCATGCA AAATGTAAAA AAAGATGAAA 650 TTTATATTTT TATGGATATT AAGATGAGTA AAATAAGAGA CTTCCCAGAA 700 ATAACTGGTT AGCTGTTTCC TGTCATAGAA TGGAGTCTTT CTTGCTTTAT 750 CTTTTTGTGT ATACAGTAAT TTATAATTTT GTAAAACAGA GTTTGAATCG 800 CATATTGAAA ATTAGATATT AAAAATTGTG…5’- TTGACATGCG ATGTCGTAGG GATATATAAT CCACACAGTC GACAATTGAC ATCCCGGTCA CCTATAATCG TGAACACATA TAAGGAGTCT GACTATGGTA AGTAAATATG GTCATTAGTT ATGTGAACAG CCATTGGAGT CCACACTGAC TGAGATTAAG AGATGCCGAT AAAGTGGATA GCATTTTAAC TTGACAATGG ACGATCGATC GTAATTACCA ATGTGAATCG TAGTTGCGCA TTTCGGACGT -3’ a) Counting from the first nucleotide (A) of the Shine-Dalgarno consensus sequence, show the sequence of the first 20 nucleotides in the mRNA encoded by this piece of DNA (specify 5’ & 3’ ends). b) What is the sequence of protein X (specify the amino and carboxyl termini)? c)A mutation occurs in the original DNA strand for protein X such that the adenosine nucleotide at position +35 is deleted. What is the effect of this mutation? d) A mutation occurs such in the original DNA for protein X strand such that the adenosine nucleotide at position +48 is changed to a thymine. What is the effect of this mutation?C A UUU U UUC Phe UCU UCC UCA UAU UAC UAA UAG UGU Cys U UGC Stop UGA Stop Stop UGG Trp G Tyr Ser UUA UUG Leu UCG CUU C CUC CUA CCU Leu ccc CCA CCG CAU CAC CAA His CGU CGC CGA CGG Pro Arg 1st Gin CUG CAG 3rd letter AUU A AUC AUA AUG ACU AAU AAC Ser u letter C Asn AGU AGC AGA AGG lle ACC Thr ACA AAA AAG Lys Arg Met ACG GUU G GUC GUA GUG GCU GCC GCA GCG GAU GAC GAA GAG Asp GGU GGC GGA GGG Val Ala Gly Glu Not all of the following ingredients are necessary for an in vitro translation reaction. Which one would you leave out? A ssDNA template O Cell sap containing ribosomes poly(U) O 14C-Phe
- This dipeptide is designated as: H3N-CH-C-NH-CH-C ČH2 CH2 OH SH O Ser-Lys O Lys-Ser O Ser-Cys O Cys-Ser 1 ptsHindII --- 5' GTC - GAC 3', HaeIII --- 5' CC - GG 3', EcoRI --- 5' G - AATTC 3' and BamI --- 5' CCTAG - G 3' 5' AGAATTCTTACGCCGGACGTACCTAGGTTTAGTCGACTC CGCCGCCCCTAGGGTCATCA 3' 3' TCTTAAGAATGCGGCCTGCATGGATCCAAATCAGCTGAGGCGGCGGGGATCCCAGTAGT 5' Number of pieces of DNA , and blunt end fragment (s), and sticky end fragment(s)I just don't know how to get the answer for C and D. Expecially for C, why F+died because of leu-?
- Second letter C UUU UGU UGC. UUC Phe UUA UUG UCU UCC UCA UCGJ UAU1 UAC. Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop A Tyr Leu UAG Stop UGG Trp CAUTHIS CACS CAA GIn CAG CGU CGC Arg CCU CUU CỤC CỦA CUG J CC Leu Pro ССА CGA CCGJ CGGJ AGU Ser ACU АСС ACA AUU AAU Asn AAC AAA AUC le AGA TArg Thr AUA AUG Met ACG AAGLYS AGG GAU GUU) GUC GUA GUG GCU) GCC GCA GACASP GAA AGlu GAGS GGU GGC Gly Val Ala GGA GGG GCGJ Given the following mRNA sequence: 5' GCCCAUGUGGCGCGAGUGAUUUAA 3' Third letter UCAC UCAG UCAG UCAG 등 | First letterCATGATACAAGGCCCTTCCGGTACAACCACTTCGGTAGAAAGCCTTTCGGAGACCGTCCCTTOGGCAGACGCAACmI cear CA PESCA CROOngm O uaNOCIGa P L CEIC00PORMORlg mcaGccCTTCCGGT 916 10 5'UTR 20|JATG 3b 50 Leader 60 80 100 1 110 130 160 2 40 70 90 120 140 150 170 180 190 ....I....I....I....I.. ..r....I........I....I....I....I....I....I........I....I....I....I....I....I....l....I....I........I....I....I.......I....I....I....I....I....I....I.........I .1....I.... DQ183132 DQ183133 DQ183134 ...2 -TCGGAGAGACTATTACTAACATG TCGGAGAGACСТАТТАСТААФАТО TCGGAGAGACCTATTACTAACATG 3 GTGAAAGTGACACTGATCGTTGCCATTGTGGCTGCTCTTGCTATCTCAGCTCACGCACAAAGAGATTACAATGAACTACGAGGAAATAAGAATGGCAGAGAGAGAGGACAAGGTCCCTTTGGAGGAAGGCCGGGTGGAATGCAGATGGGTGGATCGAGGCA 185 GTGAAAGTGACACTGATCGTTGCCATTGTGGCTGCTCTTGCTATCTCAGCTCACGCACAAAGAGATTACAATGAACTACGAGGAAATAAGAATGGCAGAGAGAGAGGACAAGGTCGCTTTGGAGGAAGGCCGGGTGGAATGCAGATGGGTGGATCGAGGCA 185…Second letter UUU UUC UUA UUG. UCU UCC UCA UCG UAU Tyr UAC. Ser UAA Skp UGIA Stop UGU UGC. Phe Cys Leu UAG Sop UGG Trp CGU CGC Arg CGA CCU CAU CUU CUC CUA CUG His CAC CAA CAG Gin CCC Pro CCA Leu CCG CGG ACU AAUA AGU ]Ser AUU Asn AAC AGC AGA LArg AGG. AUC Be ACC ACA Thr AAA AUA AUG Met ACG MGys GUU GUC Val GUA GCU GCC GCA GCG Ala GAA Glu GAG GAU GAC Asp GGU GGC Gly GGA GGG GUG You come across four polynucleotide strands. The first is an original RNA strand that codes for a protein; the others are similar to the original RNA strand, except that each displays a point mutation. The point mutations are shown in red. 5' - AUG-UGC-AUU-CCU-GCA-UAA - 3' 5' - AUG-UGA-AUU-CCU-GCA-UAA - 3' 5' - AUG-UGC-AUU-CCC-GCA-UAA - 3' 5' - AUG-UGC-GUU-CCU-GCA-UAA - 3' Original RNA: Mutant RNA 1: Mutant RNA 2: Mutant RNA 3: 1. Based on how they will affect the protein product, identify the type of point mutation (missense, nonsense, silent, or frameshift) present in the Mutants 1, 2, and 3. 2. State which of…