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- Question 6A You gather the following data on the expression of a eukaryotic gene which experiences positive gene regulation (induction). What the gene product is or how it is induced is not important for understanding the problem. The numbers indicate the amounts of product seen at each stage listed (what the units are isn't important either). At what stage of the gene expression process is the production of the gene's protein being affected? What data leads you to think this? Remember, this is a eukaryote. Induced Uninduced Transcription initiation 100 4 Poly-A pre-MRNA 95 Spliced mRNA 93 MRNA in the cytosol (t=0) 92 4 MRNA in the cytosol (t=60 85 min) Total protein product 300 1 (t=60 min)Question 5 What is the role of TRF2 at the telomere? extends the 3' end of the G+T strand O packages DNA into heterchromatin O forms a platform for microtubule attachment O facilitates formation of the t-loop at the telomere and recruits RAP1Question 7 What experiment could you perform to test if KDEL is necessary for protein retention in the ER? What information needs to be encoded in the test mrotein for this experiment? Please be brief, but make sure I. you are clear about what features need to be encoded on the test protein.
- QUESTION 18 Which of the following statements about Transmission Ratio Distortion, as exemplified by the SD (Segregation Distorter) system in Drosophila, is TRUE? O Transmission ratio distortion is caused by inversions on the SD chromosome. O The SD system includes a cis-acting, shortened version of a RanGAP protein and a trans-acting DNA repeat locus. O Distortion operates only in males, due to sex-linkage. O The SD chromosome distorts transmission ratios by killing gametes that do not contain it. The loci that make up the SD system assort independently of each other at meiosis.QUESTION 4 Tissue-specific patterns of gene transcription in multicellular organisms is regulated O A. by promoter-proximal sequences B. by enhancers C. through core promoter elements D. via the mediator complex O E. in response to galactose in the environmentQUESTION 2 Why do telomeres shorten each time cells divide? O This only occurs in tissues where telomerase is inactive. O The telomerase enzyme clips off a few units of telomere length each generation O They use an RNA template, like Okazaki fragments O They get damaged over time via normal cellular processes
- Why Embryonic stem cells research is the most controversial topic in Medical research in this country today?question 26 What is true for CpG Islands: stretches of a few hundred base pairs of DNA where cytosines are unmethylated are not associated with genes are not found around the promoters are associated with silenced genesQuestion 8 Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Enhancers? O Enhancers are sometimes found in introns and at the 3' end of genes. O Enhancers can activate transcription in either orientation (flip or flop). O Enhancers are often located upstream of the core promoter elements. O Enhancers are not present in yeast, nematodes and Drosophila.
- QUESTION 5 Which of these statements best describes the major difference between enhancers and promoter proximal elements (PPES)? Enhancers activate transcription; PPES inhibit transcription Enhancers are located far away from the core promoter; PPES are close to the core promoter Enhancers are long regions of DNA; PPES are short RNA molecules Enhancers are transcription factors; PPES are DNA sequences O O O OQuestion 3 If a certain species has a DNA content of 12 picograms in each diploid cell's nucleus when the cell in in G1 of the cell cycle, what would be the expected DNA content (in picograms) of a triploid cell (from the same species) in mitotic prophase? Consider ploidy changes and/or chromosome form changes, if applicable, when explaining your reasoning.Question Amuda oel and a san cel both cartan the same 46 chromosomes, but express d fferent genes. In terms of general (basal) transcription factors and activators, how do these cells differ? O Bah al trpes cartan the ame gereral tarocrpton factors and the same regulatory actirators. sh cel poes tortan the same gerverd trarecrpton factors bưt dfferent regulatory activators. O The tao tel tpes cartain dherert geeral transcrotion factors, and different reguatory activators.