Human bipedalism is associated with skeletal structure adaptations that are distinct from the skeletal structures of other primates. Classify each of the anatomical characteristics as belonging to either humans or chimpanzees. wide foot S-shaped spine Chimpanzees narrow pelvis Answer Bank central-positioned foramen magnum forward-shifted foramen magnum curved spine Humans narrow foot broad pelvis
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- The adoption of bipedalism involved profound changes in the vertebral column and musculature due to the altered loading conditions and motion requirements. Thoroughly discuss the structural adaptations and changes in the vertebral column and musculature of birds and humans that allow bipedal posture.Whereas some of the skeletal transitions to bipedality appear to be isolated adaptations, others clearly occurred in tandem. A good example is the reorganization of the pelvic girdle as it correlates to a change in the vertebral column. For this question, explain one way in which a change in the former facilitated a change in the latter. How did this change in the shape of the vertebral column aid in bipedal locomotion/posture? (100-150 wds.)Comparative Anatomy Shown below are images of the skeletal structure of the front limbs of 6 animals: human, crocodile, whale, cat, bird, and bat. Each animal has a similar set of bones shown by shading. --humerus ulna radius -carpal metacarpal whale crocodile phalanges human bird bat cat
- Which of the following represent functions of the anatomical modifications toward more efficient bipedalism in hominins? Group of answer choices UV protection Brachiation Increased stride Shock absorption Balance Binocular vision EnchephalizationWhich of the following are traits are observed in Homo erectus crania (select all that apply)? Group of answer choices long and low overall cranial shape robust nuchal torus maximum cranial breadth below the ear large canines large supraorbital browridge high degree of post-orbital constriction sagittal crestDescribe the change in position & design of the long bones (stylopodia & zeugopodia) from a straddle-posture to an upright posture in a mammal. What other taxon has analogous changes in pelvis & limbs that go along with being bipedal?
- Suppose archaeologists discover human skeletal remains in Ethiopia. Examination of the bones suggests that the remains represent four individuals. Two of the skeletons have a broad pubic bone and a pelvis with a wide pubic arch. Within the two groups defined by pelvic differences, smaller skeletons have bones with evidence of epiphyseal plates, but larger bones have only a thin line where the epiphyseal plates should be. Give the age group and sex of the four individuals in the find.Select all of the traits provided below that appear in this specimen: -occipital bun -large cranial capacity -canine fossa -sagittal keeling -large arching browridges -large nuchal torusThe Ardipithecus ramidus specimen, nicknamed Ardi, was a great find because it contained a large portion of the skeleton. From this skeleton we learned that ... O Ardi had an opposable big toe, like an ape O All of these answers are true O Ardi's nuchal region of the skull was oriented downward like a biped O Ardi had an angled femur, like a biped
- List four anatomical differences between chimpanzeesand humans, and explain how these changes facilitatedwalking upright.comparison of the skeletal features of pigeons and cats Skeletal Features Pigeon Cat Bone Density (light/ dense) Vertebrae (number) Forelimb Hindlimb TailCharacterized by a pelvis with the pelvic bones radiating from the center Ichthyosaurs Plesiosaurs Ornisthicians Pterosaurs Saurichians