Draw the chemical mechanism (with electron-pushing arrows) for the addition of an RNA nucleotide triphosphate to a growing mRNA transcript. Be sure to explicitly show the attacking nucleophile and the leaving group.
Q: complete the sentence. In the Sanger method, the carbon atom of the reagent fluorodinitrobenzene…
A: The Sanger reagent (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) is used to determine the N-terminal amino acid in…
Q: 10) Explain how the Km and [VO] of a reaction between a fixed amount of catalase and a gradually…
A: An allosteric inhibitor doesn't competes with the substrate for binding at active site. It binds to…
Q: All of the following statements about amino acid synthesis in humans are true except: Some amino…
A: The organic building components of proteins are known as amino acids. They have a hydrogen atom, an…
Q: Glucose oxidase [S] (glucose, mM) 0.1 5 7 8 15 20 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 7.5 35 45 55 60 80 90…
A: Enzymology relies on the fundamental idea of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It covers the interactions…
Q: Provide a reasonable step-wise mechanism for the reaction below, involving TPP as a coenzyme (can…
A: Enzyme catalysis can occur via different mechanisms such as general acid/base catalysis, covalent…
Q: select the false statement regarding phospholipid bilayer membranes. phospholipid bilayer part…
A: A cell is made up of different biomolecules. Biomolecules are of four types: carbohydrates,…
Q: Representations of sequencing chromatograms for variants of the a chain of human hemoglobin are…
A: The sequencig chromatograms given in question are generated as we conduct Automated DNA sequencing…
Q: Diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DIPF) inactivates chymotrypsin by covalently modifying serine 195.…
A: Diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DIPF) is an irreversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin. It forms a…
Q: For this oligonucleotide, • Classify if RNA or DNA? Justify your choice. • Determine the sequence…
A: An oligonucleotide is a short sequence of nucleotides that is often made up of bases from DNA or…
Q: Individuals with a thiamine-deficient diet have relatively high levels of pyruvate in their blood.…
A: The diseases that occur because of insufficient intake of essential nutrients are called deficiency…
Q: Lactose is a carbohydrate. Fat is triglycerides/lipids. Please use the chemical composition…
A: Lactose, also known as milk sugar is a disaccharide. It is synthesized from glucose and galactose.…
Q: Most of the GLP-1 receptor structure form part of the transmembrane domain (TMD) that is embedded in…
A: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone derived from…
Q: Correct each molecule in the drawing area below so that it has the structure it would have if it…
A: Name of the first given structure is 3-hydroxypropanoic acidname of the second given structure is…
Q: Classify the phrases. Does each phrase describe a kinase, a phosphatase, neither, or both? Kinases…
A: Proteins are regulated by adding or removing phosphate groups. These are crucial for the…
Q: 2.(a) The two diagrams on the right compare O2 binding pro- perties of Hb Kariya, a human hemo-…
A: Here we are given the hill plot for analyzing the binding kinetics of 2 hemoglobin (Hb) variants,…
Q: Of the allosteric enzymes listed below, which are suppressed by NADH? Select all that apply. the…
A: Enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions. Substrate binds to the enzyme's active site and is converted…
Q: yruvate carboxylase catalyzes the first step of gluconeogenesis. ATP + HCO3─ + pyruvate →…
A: Actual free energy change is related to standard free energy change by the following mathematical…
Q: 1. The following reactions can be coupled in the citrate cycle. kJ/mol kJ/mol Succinyl-CoA GDP + Pi.…
A: The Krebs cycle also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or Citric acid cycle. This…
Q: Using a biochemical technique called site-directed mutagenesis, it is possible to substitute a…
A: Site-directed mutagenesis is a method employed in the lab to perform accurate and deliberate…
Q: Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme with a catalytic optimum between pH 7.8 and 8.0. However, due to…
A: Proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds that link two amino acid residues together.…
Q: Identify the correct name or abbreviation for the given nucleoside or nucleotide. guanosine ADP dADP…
A: Nucleosides are composed of a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base.Nucleotides are composed of a…
Q: The food industry often uses catalytic hydrogenation to convert double bonds in the fatty acids of…
A: Note:- Sorry, since you have posted multiple. questions, we will be solving the first one for you as…
Q: 4. Draw a chemical mechanism (with electron-pushing arrows) for how glycine is added to a…
A: Ribosomes are protein-RNA complexes that catalyse peptide bond formation. A peptide bond is formed…
Q: why are lysozyme and ovoalbumin the recommended standards used in the Bradford protein assay and why…
A: Lysozyme is an enzyme found in tears, saliva and mucus which plays a role in destroying bacterial…
Q: Glucose generally exists in ring (cyclic) form. A Haworth projection shows the orientations of the…
A: Glucose is a monosaccharide and classified as an aldohexose since it contain 6 carbon atoms along…
Q: What is the difference between fast and slow glycoly
A: Fast and slow glycolysis are two distinct metabolic pathways that cells employ to generate ATP…
Q: You have isolated a new protease that cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of Asp and Glu.…
A: In the realm of enzymology, understanding the specificity of proteases is crucial for unraveling…
Q: 4. The molecular structure of the last 12 amino acid residues (dodecapeptide) that comprise the C-…
A: A peptide is a short chain of amino acid residues linked together via a peptide bond. Amino acid…
Q: After completing your analysis of the different bacterial methyltransferases at MethylTranspharmiX,…
A: Reversible enzyme inhibition can be of 4 types generally. They…
Q: Discuss the major challenges when using microarray techniques to study differential gene expression.…
A: Microarray is a powerful laboratory technique used in genomics and molecular biology to…
Q: 3. Now for the citric acid cycle, it is time to follow the carbons! Using labeled pyruvate:…
A: Citric acid cycle is a metabolic pathway that regenerates oxaloacetate from citrate. Acetyl CoA from…
Q: The following plot (percent of O2 bound versus [02]) shows three possible curves (A, B, C). In this…
A: The association between the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and the percentage of hemoglobin…
Q: Out of starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin, carbohydrate polymers with beta linkages are O…
A: The alpha and beta linkages are types of glycosidic linkages which are formed between the hemiacetal…
Q: What peptides are expected to be produced when an unknown hormone (…
A: The amino acid sequence of the hormone of concern in one-letter abbreviation is given…
Q: TPCK is a molecule with large hydrophobic groups. Why does TPCK inactivate chymotrypsin but not…
A: Proteases are enzymes responsible for cleaving peptide bonds. Chymotrypsin and trypsin are both…
Q: PEGylation plays an important role in the formulation of nanoparticle-based therapeutics: mark all…
A: PEGylation is a process in which polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules are covalently attached to…
Q: 2. An enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a Km = 120 μM. At what substrate concentration would this…
A: In enzyme kinetics, the Michaelis-Menten constant, or Km, is a parameter that characterises the…
Q: (a) The kinetic data given below are for the reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin endoperoxide…
A: According to Michaelis - Menton equation velocity of an enzyme increases with substrate…
Q: A membrane simulator is shown below. Watch the video clip in order to answer the question. Diffusion…
A: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane, driven by the difference…
Q: Would you expect any of the side chains in the peptide above to undergo hydrolysis? Select all that…
A: Hydrolysis is the cleavage of covalent bond by adding elements of water to it. A peptide is a short…
Q: Which type of motifs/folds are found in the protein shown below O Colled-coil O EF Hand O Horseshoe…
A: The final products of the expression, "the proteins" attain higher folding confirmation of…
Q: The graph shows the oxygen-binding curves for myoglobin and hemoglobin. Label the graph and answer…
A: Fractional Saturation (θ) is the fraction of protein molecules saturated with ligands. (since it is…
Q: Show the location and the molecule that provides electrons to the electron transport chain and trace…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) plays a vital role in cellular respiration, occurring within the…
Q: All of the following statements about glucose are true except: Glucose is metabolized in the…
A: Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that serves as a primary source of energy for living…
Q: Which of the following will saturate as solute concentration increases? a. Transport of sucrose…
A: Saturation kinetics describes the situation in which an enzyme reaction achieves its maximum…
Q: change for formation of an ES complex if the KD for this enzyme/ligand pair is 0.28µM? Give your…
A: The free energy change (ΔG) for the formation of an ES complex can be calculated using the…
Q: On the basis of the information provided in the figure, show the next step in the mechanism for…
A: Proteins that catalyse the hydrolytic cleavage of peptide bonds are called proteases. Cysteine…
Q: 1/Vo O 2 0.2 4 3.5 0.5 2.5 0.25 2 1.5 1 0.5 What is the closet value to the Vmax? 0 0 1/[s] 2 graph…
A: The graph that is plotted by taking reciprocal values of substrate concentration and reaction…
Q: An enzyme with an unknown reaction mechanism has been isolated and is being investigated in the lab.…
A: General acid/base: proton transfer occurs between enzyme and substrate. Note that water is not a…
Q: Which of the following are ligands bound to the porphyrin ring Fe(II) ion in oxymyoglobin? His E7…
A: In oxymyoglobin (a heme-containing protein), the porphyrin ring surrounds the iron (Fe) ion, and…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 2 images
- 6. Indicate whether each of the following events occurs when tryptophan is high or when tryptophan is low by placing a check in each of the appropriate blanks. Share your reasoning. Tryptophan Tryp high Event Ribosome does not stall at Trp codons Region 2 of the leader pairs with region 3 Ribosome covers part of region 2 of leader Transcription is terminated before structural genes are transcribed3. Draw the chemical mechanism (with electron-pushing arrows) for the first step of RNA splicing (as catalyzed by the splicosome). Be sure to explicitly show the attacking nucleophile, the phosphate at the intron-exon junction, the intron branch point and the leaving group in the reaction.1. By use of a labeled diagram or a written description, distinguish the roles of thefollowing in elongation of a polypeptide: initiation complex, charged tRNAs, peptidyltransferase, Site A, Site P 2. What determines the initiation of translation? (Hint: there is more than one feature oftranslation.)
- 5. E. coli ribonuclease H1 is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in RNA. Its proposed mechanism involves a 'carboxylate relay,' as shown below. His124 Asp70 || -HN-CH-C -HN-CH-C- CH2 CH2 c=0 RNA substrate HN H. H. (1) Fill the blanks. In the reaction scheme above, His124 acts as a ( ). The purpose of this relay system is to deprotonate the water molecule (II) so that it becomes a better ( :02. Several techniques were used to study the degree of translocation of truncated intermediates in the synthesis of an integral membrane protein (with a single transmembrane domain). Experiments were performed in the presence of SRP and canine pancreatic microsomes. The intermediates were synthesized using a rabbit reticulocyte translation system in the presence of 35S-methionine. Of the techniques used to monitor the progress of synthesis and translocation/insertion,| we are concerned with the following: Sedimentation: chains associated with the microsomes are found in the pellet of a 75,000 rpm ultracentrifuge spin. Crosslinks: a photoreactive phenylalanine derivative was incorporated into the truncated chain, and crosslinking to protein and lipid was analyzed after photo-activation. The intermediates studied using these approaches had between 40 and 154 amino acids. All truncated proteins with more than 60 amino acids sediment by centrifugation at neutral pH, while only…1. A DNA base sequence transcribed into messenger RNA in the following sequence: TTATCTTCGGGAGAGAAAACA. a. If you read from left to right, what amino acids are coded by this sequence? (Note: The initiation sequence is disregarded in this example.) b. If proflavine treatment caused the deletion of the first adenine nucleotide on the left, describe the changes that would occur in the first six amino acids coded by this sequence?
- 3. Fill in the missing molecules or required cofactors. b) PLP @NH₂ 2 H₂N h) SH Joo NAD+ COASH TPP NAD+ FAD OH O H₂N of i h H₂N .OH НО. HO NH₂ NH₂ HO HO 4. Draw the branch point A nucleotide and all connected nucleotides of a canonical splice reaction after the A has carried out its nucleophilic attack on the 3' splice site.8. The following diagram illustrates a step in the process of translation. fMet Pro mRNA UAC GGG AUGCCCACG UAG a) Identify the following elements on the diagram. Aminoacyl site (A) Peptidyl site (P) Exit site (E) Amino end of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain Carboxyl end of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain Approximate location of the next peptide bond that will be formedWhich of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
- 1. Considering the following nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule: 5’ AUG UUA CGU AAU GCU GUC GAA UCU AUU UGC UUU ACA UAA 3' a) Write the sequence of the DNA template (antisense) strand from which the mRNA was synthesized. b) Write the sequence of the DNA coding (sense or informational) strand complementary to the template strand. c) Write the sequence of tRNA anticodon that corresponds to the given mRNA molecule. d) Write the amino acid sequence of the peptide synthesized from the given mRNA nucleotide sequence. e) Draw the structure of the pertide fragment made up of the first five (5) amino acids in the given polypeptide.14. Which mutation would be more harmful to a cell? For each predict the outcome of each mutation and explain one is worse than the other A) A mutation in the anticodon of Ala-tRNA from IGC to IGG OR a mutation in the alanyl tRNA synthase such that it adds either Ala or Ile to the appropriate tRNA? B) A mutation in bases 11 and 24 of the Ser-tRNA (both important recognition elements for serinyl tRNA synthase OR a mutation in the proofreading site of serinyl tRNA that inactivates proofreading1. Write a short note on transcription. What is TFBS? What is the role of RNA polymerase?2. What do you understand by cis & trans regulations? Describe. Answer all the part in detail...