Based on article "Technology and economic growth: From Robert Solow to Paul Romer" by Rui Zhao, Romer has successfully opened the black box and explained how technology can be produced by an economy without having to rely on external (exogenous) technology. Using the central equations of the Romer’s model, technology (At) can grow to At + 1 due to efforts in R&D and technology spillover. Explain the role of three key sectors in the economy to drive technological-based economic growth.
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- Based on article "Technology and economic growth: From Robert Solow to Paul Romer" by Rui Zhao, Romer has successfully opened the black box and explained how technology can be produced by an economy without having to rely on external (exogenous) technology. Using the central equations of the Romer’s model. discuss how technology (A)t can be produced by a country to stimulate economic growth?Based on article "Technology and economic growth: From Robert Solow to Paul Romer" by Rui Zhao, Solow mentioned technology (At) and capital per unit of effective labor (Kt) have a significant influence on a country's ability to “catch-up” or “converge” to a steady-state level (K*). Why did Solow model assume At as a black box in economics? Explain in brief.What are the two critical factors that Lucas (1988) utilised to explain how technology may grow forever to support the steady growth of GDP per capita? Provide a diagrammatic illustration of your answer with explanation in words, based on a hypothetical example.
- Based on article "Technology and economic growth: From Robert Solow to Paul Romer" by Rui Zhao, Solow mentioned technology (At) and capital per unit of effective labor (Kt) have a significant influence on a country's ability to “catch-up” or “converge” to a steady-state level (K*). Using the central equation of the Solow model, discuss the influence of At and Kt on country's ability to grow and move to a steady-state level (K*).Ruritania produces Widgets and Gizmos. If all of its factors of production are committed to making widgets exclusively, it can make 8 million units each year. If all of its factors are committed to making Gizmos exclusively, it can make 8 million units per year. Ruritania's Ministry of Growth has considered various plans to stimulate economic growth in the kingdom. Adjust the production possibilities frontier (PPF) on the graph to show the impact of a successful plan to improve the literacy rate. (Look at image)You were discussing the growth models with your friend Gaston during spring break. He summarized that the basic difference between the Solow model and the Romer model is that the Solow model suffers from diminishing returns-each additional unit of capital has less benefit than the previous unit. The Romer model doesn't have the same problem as labor used to generate new ideas doesn't have diminishing returns. He hypothesizes that if you changed the law of motion to At+1 = At + zol1/2A; that now the Romer model has diminishing returns to labor and will reach a steady state where growth is zero. Is he right?
- The key distinction between the views of Thomas Malthus and Esther Boserup on the relation between population growth and technological innovation is:a) Malthus and Boserup both regard population growth as exogenous in driving innovation, but Boserup emphasizes the ‘passion between the sexes’, while Malthus emphasizes human ingenuity b) Malthus and Boserup both regard population growth as exogenous in driving innovation, but Malthus emphasizes the ‘passion between the sexes’, while Boserup emphasizes human ingenuity c) Malthus regards population growth as exogenously driving technological innovation, while Boserup regards population growth as an endogenous response to innovationd) Boserup regards population growth as exogenously driving technological innovation, while Malthus regards population growth as an endogenous response to innovationThe graph below shows the standard model for economic growth. Output per worker В A Capital per worker One curve represents New Zealand and the other Ghana. The country of Ghana is likely to be at point while New Zealand is likely to be at point The improvement in output per worker due to adopting new technology could be shown as Which of the following does the model above suggest? Oeconomic growth in New Zealand is higher than it is in Ghana Oit is possible for Ghana to experience relatively high growth rates compared to New Zealand OGhana is poor due to high rates of corruption and poor infrastructure Othe only way for Ghana to raise living standards is to adopt new technologyFor each of the following scenarios, use the graphical depiction of the Malthusian model to illustrate what happens to a country’s population size and per-capita income in the short run and in the long run. a. Scientists discover a new strain of wheat that can produce twice as much grain per acre. b. A war kills half of the population. c. A volcanic eruption kills half the people and destroys half the land.
- Suppose that country A and country B currently have identical production possibility frontiers, but that country A devotes only 5 per cent of its resources producing capital goods over each of the next 10 years, whereas country B devotes 30 per cent. Which country is likely to experience more rapid economic growth in the future? Illustrate using a production possibility frontier graph. Your graph should include production possibility frontiers for country A today and in 10 years, and for country B today and in 10 years.SOLOW’S MODEL Consider following information from China and New Zealand in table: China New Zealand Real per capita GDP growth, 2012-2019 (average %) 6.5% 1.6% Real GDP per capita, 2012 (in constant 2017 USD) 11,169 32,989 Real GDP per capita, 2019 (in constant 2017 USD) 16,655 45,555 Average savings rate, 2012-2019 (% of real GDP) 43.7% 21.4% Capital stock, 2019 (in millions of constant 2017 USD) 14,283,969 409,160 Population (in millions) 1,434 4.8 Population growth (in %) 0.5% 1% Capital depreciation rate (in %) 3% 3% Production function in both economies has following functional form: Yt = A* K1/3 * L2/3 Where Yt denotes aggregate GDP in period t, Kt is aggregate capital stock, Lt is employment (assumed equal for whole population) and A is total factor productivity. Using information provided in table, explain from SOLOW MODEL perspective what factors could explain differences in average GDP per capita…In 1776, Adam Smith ([1776] 1936) published his treatise, An Inquiry into Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations , which was taken by many to be a theory of economic growth. Smith, however, was clearly concerned with economic development. The classical school of economic thought, predominantly modeled after Smith, is largely geared toward understanding and explaining economic development. Smith presented a supply driven model of growth, where output was related to labor, land, and capital. Thus, economic growth, which is the increase in output, was related to populationgrowth, investment, land growth, and increases in productivity. According to Smith, society was dependent on the economy’s ability to sustain its increasing workforce. Investment was dependent on the rate of savings. Land growth was dependent on the ability to acquire more land (through conquest) or on the increase in the productivity of existing land. He also believed in the division or specialization of labor as a…