An individual wit a mutation in their RAG gene in their B cells would still be able to produce which type of hypersensitivity? Type 1, 3, or 4?
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An individual wit a mutation in their RAG gene in their B cells would still be able to produce which type of hypersensitivity?
Type 1, 3, or 4?
Introduction:-
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is immediate immune response. Type 2 is antibody mediated . Type 3 is antibody antigen complex mediated immune response. Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction is delayed and not a part of humoral immunity.
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- Which of the following is not a part of innate immunity? a. phagocytic cells e. inflammation b. fever f. complement activation c. histamines g. presenting antigen d. cytokines h. all take partYou have acquired a vial of immature B cells and would like to use them to generate and harvest antibodies against a specific pathogen of interest. You do not have access to T cells. How might you produce antibody from the B cells you have? Add high concentrations of TI-1 antigen to the culture medium. Add low concentrations of TI-2 antigen to the culture medium. Add high concentrations of TI-2 antigen to the culture medium. Add low concentrations of TI-1 antigen to the culture medium.Generally, polysaccharides are not good antigens, because B cells that recognize them cannot get T-cell help. But for some pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae opsonization by antibodies that bind the thick polysaccharide "capsule" layer surrounding the bacteria is the major mechanism of clearing the infection. As expected, a pure polysaccharide vaccine is not terribly effective, but much better immunity is achieved by vaccinating with a polysaccharide covalently linked "conjugated" to an unrelated protein. Explain how this conjugate vaccine allows B cells capable of making anti-polysaccharide antibodies.
- Which of the following is TRUE regarding Gram negative bacteria? a- Their cell wall is composed of a large proportion of sugars b- Their cell wall does not absorb the Gram stain and turns pink c- Their cell wall is composed of a small proportion of peptidoglycan d- Two of the above statements are true Which T-lymphocytes activate the B-cell response? 1- suppressor T-cells. 2- cytotoxic T-cells. 3- helper T-cells. 4- memory T-cells. Substances that are injected containing an antigen to stimulate the immune system to respond are called a- antibodies b- medications. c- vaccines d- antibioticsPoison oak and poison ivy, which involve a CD8 cell response, are examples of what type of hypersensitivity reaction? O 1) 1 O 2) |I O 3) II O 4) IVA ‘B’ lymphocyte demonstrates ‘B cell receptors’ on its surface. These receptors have ‘variable’ regions which match the variable regions of the antibodies released by the plasma cell (formed by the activated B lymphocyte). Which of the following types of antibodies forms these ‘B cell receptors’ ? IgG IgA IgD IgE
- What scenario best describes an autoimmune reaction? Group of answer choices The destruction of donated red blood cells by the recipient’s immune system The production of antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes antigen resulting in cross-reaction against an antigen found on heart valves The activation of Mast cells by pollen The production of antibodies against Streptococcus pyogenes resulting in the deposit of antigen-antibodies in the kidney leading to glomerulonephritisAt 5 months of age, Christina Kitchenman was admitted to the hospital with a fever and a severe non-productive cough that was subsequently determined by immunofluorescence staining to be pneumocystosis, a form of pneumonia caused by an opportunistic yeast-like fungus. Her CD4 T-cell count (220 μl –1) was much lower than expected, at only one-third of her CD8 T-cell count (650 μl –1). Her B-cell count was slightly higher than normal. An immunodeficiency was suspected, so T-lymphocyte functionality tests were carried out, proving that Christina’s T cells did not respond to a specific antigen stimulus involving tetanus toxoid as a recall antigen, even though she had received routine vaccination for tetanus (DPT vaccine) several months previously. Normal T-cell proliferation responses, however, were detected upon exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to either the plant lectin mitogen phytohemagglutinin or to allogeneic B lymphocytes. Further tests revealed hypogammaglobulinemia,…The figure below shows the primary and secondary immune responses to an antigen. Which of the following is NOT shown or implied by this figure? Antibody titer in serum (arbitrary units) - 1st Ag Exposure IgM IgG 14 Time (days) - 2nd Ag Exposure 21 58 65 None of the other four answers (All are shown or implied by the figure) IgG is the predominant class of antibody produced after second exposure to the Ag The second exposure to an Ag results in higher IgG levels than the first exposure IgM is the first class of antibody produced after first exposure to the Ag Memory B cells produced upon the first exposure to an Ag can react quickly to subsequent exposures to the same Ag 72
- b) Figure 14 shows a part of acquired immune response. Pathogen P Antigen fragments MHC Antigen гесeptor. CD4 Helper T cell Activated helper T cell Figure 14 i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing although the same antigen is identified? iii) What are the effects on P when activated helper T cell releases Q7True or False Can cytotoxic T cells have the ability to identify class 1 MHCs or do they recognize the antigen? B cells are what cause cellular immunity?Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Group of answer choices -Natural killer cells are cytolytic lymphocytes that mediate ADCC -Neutrophils carry out phagocytosis of C3b-tagged particles -Macrophages carry out phagocytosis of C3b-tagged particles -Mast cells produce granules containing the cytotoxin perforin -B lymphocytes express a receptor for complement proteins