(8) For each situation, solve whether collusion is sustainable using "trigger strategy" (infinitely repeated)- NOTE: For each of these exercises, you need to calculate {T, * cheat > collusion> punished and see if the incentive compatibility inequality (condition for collusion to occur as a Nash equilibrium) is satisfied. 8a) Stage Game is Bertrand with Homogeneous Product; cost same as before but overall demand is Q(P) = 375 – 15 P and given 8 =0.9 8b) Same as 4a) but given 8 = 0.5e 8c) Stage Game is Cournot; Joe and Sarah have a constant MC - P(Q) = 20 – 0.1 × Q where Q = Qjoe + Qsarah and given 8 =0.9 8d) Same as 4c) above but given 8 = 0.5 8e) Try 4c) and 4d) assuming Sarah's MC = $5 but Joe's MC = $8. They both collude on Sarah's Monopoly Output.
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- (a) Assuming that each fishery chooses fi ∈ (0,F), to maximize its payoff function, derive the players’ best response functions and find a Nash equilibrium. (b) Is the equilibrium you found in (a) unique or not? What are equilibrium payoffs? (c) Suppose that a benevolent social planner wants maximize the util- ity of both fisheries. In other words, the social planner solves the following problem: max w(f1, f2) = u1(f1, f2) + u2(f1, f2) (f1 ,f2 )= 2ln(f1)+2ln(f2)+2ln(F −f1 −f2). Find the social planner’s solution. (d) What are the fisheries’ payoffs if the quantities of fish they catch are solutions to the social planner’s problem? What can you say about the Nash equilibrium quantities of fish being caught as compared to the social planner’s solution? (e) If fishery j decides to follow the recommendation of the social planner, how much fish will firm i catch?(5) For each situation, solve for the Bertrand-Nash Equilibrium (differentiated Product). 5a) Suppose Sarah's constant marginal cost is $5 but Joe's is $8 Recall that in a Bertrand model with differentiated product, each supplier faces his/her own demand: Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 100 – 10 Psarah + 5 Pjoe 5b) Suppose Joe and Sarah have the same cost functions as earlier (constant MC of $5) but asymmetric demand functions Qjoe = 100 – 10 Pjoe + 5 Psarah Qsarah = 160 - 10 Psarah + 5 PjoeInitially there are six firms producing differentiated products. The demand function for the good produced by firm i, i=1,2..,6, is given by qi = 10-2pi+0.3 summation pj where the sum is taken over the five prices other than firm i. Each firm has the same marginal cost c. The firms choose prices simultaneously; that is, they are differentiated products Bertrand competitors. (a) Solve for the symmetric Nash equilibrium prices. (b) Suppose that you observe each firm to set a price of 4.8. What must c be? (c) Suppose that two of the six firms merge to become a single firm. The firm continues to produce both goods. Using the marginal cost you found in (b), derive the new post-merger Nash equilibrium prices.
- Cournot’s Model of Duopoly) Joe and Rebecca are small-town ready-mix concrete duopolists. The market demand function is Qd=5500-25P, where P is the price of a cubic metre of concrete and Qd is the number of cubic metres demanded every year. The marginal cost is $40 per cubic metre. Competition in this market is described by the Cournot model. (a)Given Rebecca’s output is 2000, what is Joe’s residual demand function? What is Joe's output so he maximizes his profit? (b)If Rebecca’s output is qR, what is Joe’s best response function? (c)If Joe’s output is qj, what is Rebecca’s best response function? (d)Plot both Joe and Rebecca’s best response functions on one graph, where the the horizontal axis represents Rebecca’s output qR and the vertical axis represents Joe's output qR. (e)What is the meaning of the interception of the two best response functions?There are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously competeSuppose Tasty Cakes is deciding its pricing strategy: it is debating whether to offer a single linear price for its sheet cakes or to offer non-linear pricing. Suppose on any day, it gets 2 customers–who are of Type A and TypeB with the following maximum willingness-to-pay for the cakes: Units Type A Type B 1 $100 $90 2 $75 $40 Suppose it costs $10 to bake each of the cakes. (a) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a linear pricing strategy, what will be the profit-maximizing price it should choose? How many cakes will it end up selling and what will be its total profit? (b) If Tasty Cakes decides to pick a non-linear pricing strategy where it may offer a different price depending on the number of cakes purchased, what should be the profit-maximizing set of prices? How many cakes will it sell and what will be its total profit? (c)Comparing Tasty Cakes’profits in (a) and (b), explain IN WORDS why we see this difference in profits
- Two takeaway restaurants, ChipAhoy and FishDish, compete for business in a small seaside town. The manager of ChipAhoy has engaged you to advise on the pricing of its main offering, a fish & chips supper. Your intention is to analyse the situation as a twoplayer competitive game. After making background investigations, you have decided to adopt the following assumptions in your analysis. A1 The cost of the producing and serving a portion of fish & chips is the same for both restaurants: £3.50.A2 In a typical week, holidaymakers buy a total of 1500 portions of fish & chips, and local residents buy 1000 portions.A3 Local residents always choose the restaurant with the lower price. If prices are the same at the two restaurants, their custom is divided equally between the two. A4 Holidaymakers divide their custom 50:50 between the two restaurants, irrespective of the prices. Derive the Nash equilibrium/equilibria for the game(f) Does GaterTools have a dominant strategy? Explain using numbers from the payoff matrix.(g) Identify the Nash equilibrium. Explain why this is a Nash equilibrium using information from the payoff matrix.(h) Suppose HandyBilt makes a credible commitment to GaterTools that if GaterTools maintains its price, then HandyBiltwill pay GaterTools $250. Will this offer result in a Nash equilibrium with different strategies from those identified in part(g) ? Explain using numbers from the payoff matrix.(a) Compute the Nash Equilibrium in pure strategies of the game above. (b) Compute the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium.(c) Compute the perfect Bayesian euilibrium. (I need help with how to solve these questions in detail)
- Two firms are competing in a Bertrand setting. The demand and costs equations are: Q1 = 88–4P1+2P2, Q2 = 88–4P2+2P1; MC1 = 9; and MC2 = 10. Instructions: Use no decimals. Do not round values if used for other calculations. d. Profits Firm 1 = $ and profits Firm 2 = $ e. If Firm 1 instead produces P1 = 16, the optimal P2 = . f. When one of the firms set a P < P-Duopoly, the best strategy for the other firm is to set: A. a P-BRF, and continue with this strategy afterward with the risk of economic profits = 0. B. a P-BRF, and after this one time, then continue with P-Duopoly. C. a P > P-Duopoly from now on, until the market reaches P-Monopoly. D. also P < P-Duopoly one time, then set P-Monopoly.= and TCB (QB): PROBLEM (4) Firm A and Firm B with identical total costs TCA (QA) 4 related goods and competing in prices (Bertrand competition), with demands: QA=510-2PA+ pв and Qв=510 - 2pB+ PA, respectively. = are producing (a) Calculate the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium prices. (b) Calculate the prices they charge when A is the leader and sets its price first, anticipating B's best response and taking it into account (like in Stackelberg competition). (c) Calculate the prices they charge when they collude, in order to maximize sum of their profits.Analyze payoff matrix below. a-) Consider the grim trigger strategy for the game? Analyze the conditions for which this strategy constitutes an subgame perfect equiillbria. b-) Analyze the conditions for the tit for tat strategy to be equilibrium for the following histories: Histories that ends with (C,C) and (C,D) p1/p2 D 3.3 0.5 D 5,0 1,1