3. The image below depicts 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate depicted in dark gray, and ß subunits are depicted in light gray. (BPG) bound to hemoglobin. The a subunits are BPG (a) Briefly explain how BPG regulates oxygen transport by hemoglobin and describe the critical chemical properties of BPG and its binding pocket.
Q: Proteins from which compartment of the bacterial cell are likely to be found in the supernatant…
A: The objective of the question is to identify which compartments of a bacterial cell are likely to…
Q: Proteases are one of the main drug targets. Choose the False statement regarding proteases. A.…
A: Proteases are a group of enzymes with a catalytic function to hydrolyze ( a reaction where water…
Q: O Ala O Asp O Asn H₂C. O Arg O The central bond in this Newman projection (the one whose torsional…
A: There are 3 torsional angles in a peptide. Each torsional angle is due to rotation about one…
Q: 4. How do embryonic and adult stem cells differ?
A: The objective of this question is to understand the differences between embryonic stem cells and…
Q: Question 1: Use this link to view Dr. Nicholson's metabolic pathways chart.…
A: Dr. Nicholson's Metabolic pathways chart is a map of an eukaryotic cell showing cellular locations…
Q: Classify the chemical consituents that are part of each molecule. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) three…
A: Nucleotide triphosphates like ATP or GTP consist of a nitrogen base bonded to a pentose sugar and 3…
Q: What are the expected results for the reactions: (a) CuSO4 with iron, (b) KMnO4 with ethanol, and…
A: A) CuSO4 with iron This is a displacement reaction. Iron displaces copper and a metallic copper of a…
Q: The velocity of a reaction is the quantity of the: solution color that disappears in a specified…
A: Chemical kinetics deals with parameters like velocity of a reaction and various rate constants.
Q: imagine that you are running a sample on the HPLC that is comprised of aspartate and isoleucine.…
A: Chromatography is a separation technique that separates a mixture of analytes based on their…
Q: GQ6
A: The objective of the question is to identify the phase of cell division in which an even number of…
Q: Cysteine proteases are remarkably similar to serine proteases (like chymotrypsin), except they have…
A: Cysteine proteases are a class of enzymes that degrade proteins by using a nucleophilic cysteine…
Q: Listen Colorblindness is a recessive sex linked trait. Diane is not colorblind, but she has a color…
A: Colorblindness is a recessive sex-linked trait, meaning it is carried on the X chromosome. Since…
Q: Problem 5
A: The objective of this question is to determine the rarest class of offspring from a genetic cross…
Q: You start by conducting a binding experiment using purified Slugase enzyme at a concentration of 100…
A: By plotting a saturation curve for protein-ligand binding interaction, we will be able to estimate…
Q: Calculate the pH of a buffer that contains 0.75 M acetic acid and 0.35 M acetate ion in 1 L…
A: The objective of this question is to calculate the pH of a buffer solution before and after the…
Q: Calculate the pH of a solution containing 51 g acetic acid (K₂ = 1.75 x 10-5) and 12.3 g sodium…
A: The objective of this question is to calculate the pH of a solution containing acetic acid and…
Q: You have isolated a new trisaccharide from a new species of insect shown below that you are calling…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the specified sub…
Q: Which of the following are features of secreted bacterial proteins? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) A…
A: The question is asking about the features of secreted bacterial proteins. Secreted bacterial…
Q: Genetics 8 Q6
A: The objective of the question is to understand the possible outcomes of non-disjunction during the…
Q: 25. The AG" values for the two reactions are given. 1. 2. oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H₂O → citrate…
A: The objective of the question is to determine the ΔG°' for the hydrolysis of Acetyl-CoA. This can be…
Q: Is the following process considered oxidation or reduction? a oxidation b reduction Fe²+ Feº
A: Oxidation and reduction are fundamental concepts in chemistry that describe the transfer of…
Q: Experimental results describing a protein's amino acid composition are useful for estimating the…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecules; proteins, nucleic caids, lipids and…
Q: Calculate the pH of a buffer that contains 0.75 M acetic acid and 0.35 M acetate ion in 1 L…
A: The objective of this question is to calculate the pH of a buffer solution before and after the…
Q: Why can’t we see the double helix structure of DNA of strawberry and kiwi?
A: The question is asking why we can't visually observe the double helix structure of DNA in…
Q: What is the difference in ATP yield per glucose molecule between the malate-aspartate shuttle and…
A: During glycolysis of glucose, 1 molecule of glucose yields 2 molecules of NADH. The high energy…
Q: Molecule A held promise as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis except that it remained in the body…
A: Many factors determine the duration of time a drug stays in the body. The drug being hydrophobic…
Q: You have an aqueous solution of hemoglobin (pl = 6.8) at pH 6.5, and currently the proteins are…
A: pH affects the ionisation of amino acids and can thus influence the nature and distribution of…
Q: What source was the information "As mentioned above these reactions occur in the metabolic pathway…
A: A patient's blood work suggests that: there is elevated AST/ALT ALT, which indicates excess nitrogen…
Q: Dihybrid Cross Problem 3: A genetic cross yielding a 9:3:3:1 ratio of offspring. Which of the…
A: The objective of the question is to identify the correct genetic cross that would yield a phenotypic…
Q: 1. Amino Acid 1 = W + X = 1 Draw amino acid 1 at a low pH a) As the D Fisher Projection Name of…
A: The Fischer D/L configuration is set with respect to the configuration of glyceraldehyde.>Here…
Q: You are working on a protein with the following sequence in an area of interest.…
A: Proteins are made up of different amino acids. Some amino acids have ionizable side chains. All…
Q: SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variant Wuhan Alpha Beta Delta Omicron KD, nM 60 9.6 2.4 1.2 2.4 Using the…
A: Consider a protein 'P' that can bind with 5 different ligands; L1, L2, L3 , L4 and L5.The…
Q: s) In two experiments carried out in a research lab, an enzyme reaction is run with and without an…
A: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. They contain an active site where the…
Q: Which factor contributes to the selectivity pore of the potassium channel from S. lividans? O…
A: S lividans stands for Streptomyces lividans. It is a gram positive & filamentous bacterium that…
Q: You find a vial of clear, unknown sample in the freezer of your lab. The easiest way to determine…
A: We have to find the easiest way to determine the presence of proteins in a sample vial.The given…
Q: GQ7
A: The objective of the question is to identify the correct relationship between the two X chromosomes…
Q: 3. The IC50 value for a drug called razundib for a Src kinase is 15 nM. The Src kinase is known to…
A: Src kinase is a tyrosine kinase that catalyses the phosphate group transfer from ATP to the tyrosine…
Q: Please discuss the buffering capacity of an amino acid. In your answer include what is a buffer? Why…
A: Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They have three…
Q: Cooperativity yields a sigmoidal kinetic curve. Which of the following is TRUE?
A: Co-operativity can be described as a phenomenon where the enzyme shape changes with the substrate…
Q: What did experiments using porcelain filters prove? Select all answers that apply. Porcelain filters…
A: Porcelain filters were engineered in the late 19th century by scientists as bacteriological filters…
Q: What is the amino acid most similar to the structure below? Just type the name (one word). H3C Se…
A:
Q: Structures PLEASE DRAW OUT THE FATTY ACIDS - Hydrocarbon chain atoms DO NOT need to be labeled,…
A: A fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain. These chains are either saturated or…
Q: 5.. A sample of cells has a total receptor concentration of 25 mM. Ninety percent of the receptors…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as…
Q: imagine that you are running a sample on a TLC plate that is comprised of aspartate and isoleucine.…
A: The working principle of thin-layer chromatography is the same as column chromatography.A small…
Q: A buffer solution contains an equal concentration of weak acid HX and its conjugate base ion X™. The…
A: The objective of the question is to calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing equal…
Q: The standard free energy (or AG") for the reaction ATP + H₂O → ADP + P₁ is: OA) -30.5 kJ/mol B)…
A: Since conditions inside the cell are different than standard temperature and pressure, biochemists…
Q: N - Leucine - Arginine - Proline - Aspartic acid - Methionine - C write the structure classify the…
A: Peptides are composed of amino acids that are bonded to each other via peptide bonds. The ionizable…
Q: topic: enzymes In which organs or tissues are they usually present in the human body? Tabulate your…
A: the presence of enzymes in various organs or tissues in the human body along with citations:…
Q: 4nM 10 μΜ Ο 0.01 nM Ο Ο Ο 2 nM -2 nM
A: A Hill Plot is a type of graphical representation used in pharmacology and biochemistry to show how…
Q: Using the information given, determine the Kd for the binding of HABA to BSA. B= y-intercept (E…
A: Y=mx+b is the equation of a line that is not passing through the origin. In this equation, m is the…
Unlock instant AI solutions
Tap the button
to generate a solution
Click the button to generate
a solution
- 2.(a) The two diagrams on the right compare O2 binding pro- perties of Hb Kariya, a human hemo- globin characterized by the mutation Lys(a40)Glu, with those of HbA as a function of pH ranging from pH 9.0 to pH 6.95. One O2 saturation curve () illustrates the O2 binding proper- ties at pH 7.5 in the presence of 2 mM inositol hexaphosphate (IHP). (IHP is found in avian red blood cells. and binds more tightly than BPG be- cause of the additional negative charges.) log [Y/(1 - Y)] Hb Kariya + IHP (b) The diagram on the right illustrates sche- matically the interaction of the side chain of the aLys40 residue with the C-terminal -COOH group of the B-sub- unit in HbA. In Hb Kariya with a Lys(a40)Glu mutation, which allosteric conformation R or T is destabilized, and which allosteric HbA conformation is illustrated on the right? Explain log (P) Excluding the O2 saturation curve collected in the presence of inositol-hexaphosphate (IHP), indicate with an arrow for both hemoglobins the plot…30. The cooperative binding behavior of hemoglobin for oxygen is best explained by... Group of answer choices The movement of the proximal histidine upon O2 binding causes a structural change at the binding interface between subunits The oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and formation of the superoxide ion causes distortion of the protoporphyrin ring, altering binding interface between subunits The tetrameric nature of hemoglobin's quaternary structure directly confers cooperative binding activity The movement of the distal histidine upon O2 binding causes a structural change at the binding interface between subunits The binding of O2 causes a pH shift that changes the protonation state of amino acids located at the interface between subunits The solubility of hemoglobin in aqueous solution and its insolubility in nonpolar environmentsThe image below depicts 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate depicted in dark gray, and ß subunits are depicted in light gray. (BPG) bound to hemoglobin. The a subunits are BPG
- In one type of hemoglobin mutant the amino acid change generates a strong ionic interaction stabilizing the T state conformation, but only under conditions of lower pH, e.g., at pH 7.2 compared to pH 7.6. Explain what effect this mutation would have on the amount of O2 delivered to the tissue. More O2 delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in tissues. More O₂ delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in lungs. Less O2 delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in lungs. Less O₂ delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the T state in tissues. More O2 delivered to the tissue because the R-T equilibrium would be shifted to the R state in tissues.Red blood cells synthesize and degrade 2,3-biphosphogylerate (2,3-BPG) as a detour from the glycolytic pathway, as shown in the figure.2,3-BPG decreases the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin by binding in the central cavity of the deoxygenated form of hemoglobin. This encourages delivery of oxygen to tissues. A defect in one of the glycolytic enzymes may affect levels of 2,3-BPG. The plot above right shows oxygen-binding curves for normal erythrocytes and for hexokinase and pyruvate kinase-deficient erythrocytes. Identify which curve corresponds to which enzyme deficiency.Allosteric inhibitors of hemoglobin will decrease enzyme activity (oxygen binding) through which of the following mechanisms? Binding the enzyme in "T" conformation and displacing an activator Binding the enzyme and enhancing the Vmax Binding the enzyme, and keeping it in the "R" conformation Binding the enzyme, and keeping it in the "T" conformation
- Bisphosphoglycerate lies in a central cavity within the hemoglobin tetramer, stabilizing the T state. What would be the effect of mutations that placed the BPG-binding site on the surface of hemoglobin?Hemoglobin molecules exposed to high levels of glucose areconverted to glycated products. The most common, referred to as hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), contains a b-chain glycatedadduct. Because red blood cells last about 3 months, HbA1Cconcentration is a useful measure of a patient’s blood sugarcontrol. In general terms, describe why and how HbA1Cforms.To study the chemical properties of the blood hemoglobin of a vertebrate, it might seem convenient to remove the hemoglobin from the red blood cells so that the hemoglobin is in simple aqueous solution. However, removing the hemoglobin from red blood cells often promptly alters its O2-binding characteristics. Why?
- 8. In a patient with anemia, the presence of Heinz bodics in the RBCS was the result of the hemoglobin subunits aggregation due to the oxidation of -SH groups of Hb cysteine residues with active oxygen forms and the formation of disulfide bonds. What metabolic disorders in the RBC can be the cause of this clinical case? To solve the problem: a) indicate which reactions maintain cysteine residues in a reduced state; b) name the coenzyme involved in this process, write a diagram of the process in which the reduced form of this coenzyme is formed; c) indicate the enzyme which deficiency may lcad to a lack of the reduced cocnzyme and be the cause of the clinical case described above.) Dr Merrick is so excited to know the affinity constant Kd values for O2 binding to mammoth OBP and elephant hemoglobin at pH=7, that he starts speculating about the kinetics of binding to O2. If the ka value of mammoth EHb-O2 complex was the same as the ka value of mammoth OBP-O2 complex, what would be the ratio between the kd values of these complexes? Explain your reasoning. Hint: we are looking for the ratio kd(EHb)/kd(OBP) at pH=7.The mutation in hemoglobin at β82 Lys→Asp results in lowered O2-bindingaffinity compared to normal hemoglobin. β82 is one of the residues thatlines the 2,3-BPG binding site (as shown; β82 is adjacent to His 143). Based on the location of this residue and the differences between Lys and Asp, suggest a rationale for the observed reduction in O2-binding affinity.