21. Based upon the following reactions, what would be the AG" for the formation of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP? ATP → ADP + Pi phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate + Pi AG" = -31.5 kJ/mol AG"=-62.2 kJ/mol
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- Inside cells, the AG value for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi is approximately -50 kJ/mol (-12 kcal/mol). Calculate the approximate ratio of [ATP] to [ADP][Pi ] in cells at 37°C. AG = AG + RT InKe R= 8.315 x 10³ kJ mol deg T= 298 K Table 15.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds Compound kJ mol- kcal mol- Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) -61.9 -14.8 -49.4 -11.8 -43.1 -10.3 -30.5 - 7.3 - 5.0 Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate Glucose 6-phosphate -20.9 -19.3 -4.6 -13.8 3.3 Glycerol 3-phosphate - 9.2 2.2 biochemistryThe standard free energy variation of the ATP hydrolysis reaction is ΔGº’ = -30.5 kJ / mol ATP + H2O ⇄ ADP + Pi In red blood cells, when the concentration of Pi is 1.6 mM, the real change in energy free is ΔG = - 50'2 kJ / mol. a) Calculate under these conditions what is the ratio [ATP] / [ADP] in the red blood cells. b) Determine the equilibrium constant K 'of the reaction outlined above. c) If the ADP concentration were 0.2mM, what would be the effective concentration of ATP corresponding to equilibrium.What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)
- In the third step of glycolysis, the given reactions are coupled. reaction 1: fructose-6-phosphate + Pi ⟶ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate + H2O (Δ? = −28 kJ/mol) reaction 2: ATP + H2O ⟶ ADP + Pi (Δ? = +13.8 kJ/mol) Calculate the overall ΔG (kJ/mol) for the coupled reaction.Acetyl CoA + 2H* + 2e = pyruvate + COASH E = -0.48 V Ubiquinone + 2H* + 2e = Ubiquinol E" = +0.04 V Consider the redox rxn wherein a pair of e passes from pyruvate to ubiquinone. Calculate the change in standard Gibbs free energy (kJ/mol). Report answer to two decimal places.Glucose 1-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate in two successive reactions. Reaction 1: Glucose 1-phosphate → glucose 6-phosphate AG'° = -7.3 kJ/mol Reaction 2: Glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate AGʻ° = +1.7 kJ/mol Using the values given, calculate the standard free-energy change, AGʻ°, ,for the sum of the two reactions: sum > Sum: Glucose 1-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate AG'°, kJ/mol sum Calculate the equilibrium constant, K', eq > for the sum of the two reactions. K'e eq II
- What is the ∆G naught' for a phosphoryl transfer from ATP to glycerol? The hydrolysis of α-glycerophosphate to glycerol and inorganic phosphate has a ∆G naught' of -8.37 kj/mol. ATP + H2O <--> ADP + Pi ∆G naught' = -30.5 kj/mol What is the efficiency of this reaction (i.e. what % of the available energy remains in the system after the reaction)? Express your answer as a % of the total amount of energy available in the system. Where does the rest of the energy go?During glycolysis, glucose is converted into fructose-6- phosphate in two successive reactions: glucose + ATP glucose 6-phosphate + ADP glucose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate The AG' for the overall reaction is: +15.0 kJ/mol. -18.4 kJ/mol. -16.7 kJ/mol. → -15.0 kJ/mol. +18.4 kJ/mol. AG¹⁰ = -16.7 kJ/mol AG¹⁰ = +1.7 kJ/mol1. a. Calculate the physiological DG of the reaction shown below at 37°C, as it occurs in the cytosol ofneurons, with phosphocreatine at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.73 mM, and ATP at 2.6mM. The standard free energy change for the overall reaction is –12.5 kJ/mol. Phosphocreatine + ADP ® creatine + ATP b. The enzyme phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose6-phosphate. Calculate the standard free energy change of this reaction if incubation of 20 mMglucose 1-phosphate (no glucose-6 phosphate initially present) yields a final equilibrium mixtureof 1.0 mM glucose 1-phosphate and 19 mM glucose 6-phosphate at 25°C and pH 7.0. c. If the rate of a nonenzymatic reaction is 1.2 x 10–2 μM s–1, what is the rate of the reaction at 37℃ inthe presence of an enzyme that reduces the activation energy by 30.5 kJ/mol?
- If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for sucrose synthesis from glucose + fructose is +5.5 kcal/mole, calculate standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + fructose g ADP + sucrose + inorganic phosphate. DGo = -12.8 kcal/mole DGo = -1.8 kcal/mole DGo = 0 kcal/mole DGo = +1.8 kcal/mole DGo = +12.8 kcal/moleIn the reaction ATP + glucose → ADP + glucose-6-phosphate, ΔG° is -16.7 kJ/mol. Assume that both ATP and ADP have a concentration of 1 M and T = 25°C. What ratio of glucose-6- phosphate to glucose would allow the reverse reaction to occur?The formation of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions requires 14.2 kJ mol-1 of energy input. It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP mediated by the enzyme glutamine synthetase. {a) Given that the change in Gibbs energy for the hydrolysis of ATP corresponds to ΔG = -31 kJ mol-1, under the conditions prevailing in a typical cell , can the hydrolysis drive the formation of glutamine? (b) What amount {in moles) of ATP must be hydrolysed to form 1 mol glutamine? (c) Suppose that the radius of a typical cell is 10 μm and that inside it 106 ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of the cell in watts per cubic metre (1W = 1 Js- 1)? (d) A computer battery delivers about 15 Wand has a volume of 100 cm3 Which has the greater power density, the biological cell or the battery?