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- 16. In your experiment, you determined that in 90% lean ground beef, D55 = 1 min for Salmonella typhi. Which of these is most likely the thermal D55 for this microbe in 80%? A. 2 B. 1 C. 0.5 D. 0.005 E. 0.001 NO₂ NO 3 17. A microbe able to produce the reaction (above) is likely undergoing A. nitrate fermentation B. aerobic respiration C. anaerobic respiration D. nitrogen fixation E. photosynthesis 18. What term best describes the following reaction carried out by Brucella suis? SO4 H₂S → Amino acid biosynthesis A. Sulfate oxidation B. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction C. Sulfur mineralization D. Sulfur fixation E. Assimilatory sulfate reduction 19. Which of the following is most likely to result in "immobilization”? A. Assimilation B. Ammonification C. Sulfur oxidation D. Mineralization E. Denitrification1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results. 3. Please provide the scientific name of your microbe that was used in the UV experiment (i.e. S. aureus). Compare your plates and interpret/analyze your results. Please discuss your findings and any patterns you were able to gather. 4. After performing the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab which agent(s) showed potential to control S. marcescens growth? P. aeruginosa? Please explain why you believe these agent(s) work. 5. What purpose does water serve in the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants” lab? What did you…1. How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes. 2. Suppose you do the Kirby-Bauer test on a hypothetical Staphylococcus species with penicillin and tetracycline. You record diameters of 20mm for tetracycline and 24mm for penicillin. Which antibiotic is most effective against this bacterium and why? Please explain and interpret these results.
- 2. You use tubes to test aerotolerance of bacteria. From your samples you have 3 results: A. Bacteria growing on the surface. B. Bacteria growing throughout the tube, the agar shows cracks. C. Bacteria growing about 5 mm below the surface. Please interpret each bacterial result. (Give the bacteria an oxygen classification, explain what classification means and interpret the cracks in the agar.) 3. Please explain how the use of an Eosin Methylene Blue Agar plate can help determine the type of fermenters that bacteria are. Please explain thoroughly.1. Illustrate in a diagram the identification scheme from gram-positive cocci.2. Discuss the principle involved in the biochemical tests in identifying species of staphylococci.3. Illustrate in a diagram the identification scheme for Streptococci.4. Discuss the principle involved in the biochemical tests in identifying species of Streptococci.25. A positive bile esculin test results in the formation of a a. Black; Group D streptococci b. Pink; Staphylococcus aureus c. Black; H₂S production d. Clear; Group D streptococci Bromthymol Blue Part B: Short Answer 26. We have used several pH indicators in this class. Correctly fill out the table below with what color each of the pH indicators will turn. (6pts) pH indicator Acidic conditions Phenol Red Methyl Red yom AAH antigen binding site. color and identifies Y Alkaline (basic conditions 27. Label the picture below with the antigen binding site, Fc region, and Fab region (note: you only have to label one of each) (3pts) dowala Fbregion fe region J
- 10. Which one of the following methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing combines some of the properties of two other methods and involves adding a plastic strip to the agar? a. Gradient diffusion method b. Agar macrodilution method c. Disk diffusion method d. Broth microdilution method 11. Most ATP molecules are produced during which phase of aerobia respiration? a. Fermentation b. Krebs cycle c. Glycolysis d. Electron transport chain 12. The goal of disinfection is to eliminate ____ whereas the goal of sterile technique is to exclude ____ a. bacteria , bacteria and viruses b. pathogens, all microorganisms c. nonpathogenspathogens d. all microorganisms, pathogens 13. Which one of the following statements about archaea is false? Select one: a. The cell walls of archaea contain a thicker layer of peptidoglycan than the cell walls of bacteria. b. Some archaea live in extremely hot environments. c. Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria. d.…1.What types of damage to human tissues can result from prolonged exposures to UV radiation? What protective measures can be taken to limit these types of damage, both during the experiment and in everyday life? 2.Which B. megaterium culture, logarithmic or stationary phase, would show the best survival following exposure to UV radiation?If in 5 hours, your bacterial culture went from a concentration of ~105 CFU/mL to ~1.6 x 106 CFU/mL, what is the best estimate of the doubling time of that species in those culture conditions (based on these numbers)? A. ~1 hour B. ~75 minutes C. ~150 minutes D. ~8 hours E. ~2 hours
- 7. E. Coli bacteria were grown in a 5.0 L batch cell culture reactor, with the following data collected: Cell Count (per mL) 10,277,000 Inoculation Time ---> Time 11:19 am 11:35 am 11:57 pm 12:08 pm 12:45 pm 1:07 pm 1:11 pm 1:16 pm 1:19 pm 1:34 pm 1:46 pm 1:57 pm 2:09 pm 2:33 pm 10,313,000 20,984,000 29,750,000 60,202,000 210,909,000 224,750,000 227,960,000 229,216,000 229,115,000 227,260,000 204,935,000 183,745,000 146,103,000 (inoculation is when the cells are first put in the growth media) A. Draw a log10 X vs. time graph and label the phases for batch cell growth. B. Calculate the specific growth rate, μ, and mass doubling time, td, for the exponential growth phase. C. Calculate kd, the specific rate of cell mass loss due to cell death (For B & C, it will be helpful to re-plot the y-axis as In X or In (X/X.), and focus on only the data in that phase) Using spreadsheet software will be helpful in drawing this graph and analyzing data for parts B & C. Be as quantitative as possible,…1. Which of the following micro-organisms are the most resistant to heat sterilization? a. Vegetative bacteria (e.g., Samonella spp.) b. Spore-forming mesophilic bacteria (e.g., Clostridium botulinum) c. Spore-forming thermophilic bacteria (e.g., Bacillus stearothermophilus) d. Toxicogenic bacteria (e.g., E. coli O157:H7) e. All of the above are equally resistant to heat sterilization.8. A. Use Excel (or another graphing program) to draw the growth curve, In (X/X.) vs time, for bacteria grown in a 20 L suspension cell culture, given the following data: - initial concentration: 0.120 gdw cells/L Also report: - lag time: 1.5 hours - mass doubling time during exponential growth: 250 minutes - duration of exponential growth phase: 1 day (24 hours) - negligible time in the deceleration phase - 13 hours in the endogenous metabolism phase with no change in cell concentration - cell death rate with k = 0.0178 min -¹. B. What is the specific growth rate, µ? C. What is the maximum concentration of cells in the reactor? (gdw cells/L) and when does this occur? D. Other than time zero or the end of lag phase, at what time is the concentration of living cells in the reactor equal to the initial concentration of 0.120 gdw/L?