13. In an enzyme-substrate reaction, the reaction is favoured because 1elag ulomon3 A. The transition state of the reaction is de-stabilized. B. The transition state of the reaction is stabilized. C. The activation energy of the reaction is increased. D. The free energy of the reaction to yield products is modified. E. The reaction becomes more exothermic. MKA 14. In enzyme kinetics, the turnover number, kcat, is A. Equivalent to the dissociation constant of the enzyme-substrate complex. B. The amount of enzyme available to bind substrate per unit time at the maximum velocity. C. The amount of substrate transformed per unit time when [S] is low. D. Half the value of the Michaelis constant, KM. The amount of substrate transformed per unit time at the maximum velocity.
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- 1. Bzyines play an important role in biochemical reactions. Consider the following statements relating to enzyme-catalysed reactions 1. The shapes of the substrate and the active site of the enzyme are complementary 1. when enzymes are denatured, the shane and structure of the active sites are not altered HI. The substrate forms bonds with the active site of the enzyme Of these statements A. only I is true B. only III is true only I and Ilf are true all statements are true 2. Entropy of the system represents: A. The number and kind of bonds B. The absolute temperature of the reaction Randomness or disorder or the components of a chemical system D. The free energy change of the reaction E. All of the above 3. What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group? A. Oxygen qB. ATP C. FAD* carbon dioxide 4 Cofactors A. increase activation energy B. help facilitate enzyme activity С. are very rare in living organisms X D break hydrogen bonds in proteins E. are linked to…1. In zero order reaction, the reaction rate depends only on enzyme concentration. In first order reaction the reaction rate is directly porportional to substyrate concentration a. first statement is false and second statement is true b. both statement is true c. both statement is false d. first statement is true and second statement is false 2. These are catalyst that can be used in the monitoring and diagnosis of disease and their remarkable properties make them sensitive indicators of pathologic changes. a. enzymes b. electrolytes c. substrate d. none of these 3. ALT is stavle in serum at refrigirator or temp for up to 3 weeks, indefinitely if frozen AST has the same stability but markedly decreases with freezing a. both statement are true b. both statement are false c. first statement is true second is false d. second statement is true first statement is false7. Which of the following statements is true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions? The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme b. The free energy change of the reaction is opposite from the reaction without the enzyme The reaction always goes in the direction toward chemical equilibrium d. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions require energy to activate the enzyme e. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions release more free energy than noncatalyzed reactions The following questions are based on the reaction A+B C+D Free Energy- A+B Progress of the Reaction C.D
- 3. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes and transition states is true? a. stabilization of the transition state must be less than stabilization of ES for catalysis to occur b. binding of substrate to an enzyme often causes strain, thus promoting transition state formation c. the transition state conformation of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is identical to the conformation seen in the uncatalyzed transition state d. formation of the transition state always assures that the reaction will proceed to product e. none of the above are true 4. What is the starting point for selection of a suitable ion-exchange chromatography matrix for purification of a recombinant protein? a. Prediction of isoelectric point (pl) from the amino acid sequence. b. Test protein binding to an ion-exchange matrix at a range of pHs and salt concentrations. c. Test protein binding to a selection of anion and cation exchange matrices. d. Pass your sample through a preparative column and elute with a…1. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for both the concerted and sequential models of allosteric enzymes? a. follows the induced-fit model b. the activator can only bind to the R form c. the inhibitor can only bind to the T form d. the substrate can only bind to the R form 2. Which of the following describes the efficiency of enzymatic catalysis? a. [S] b. KM c. Vmax d. kcatnzymes play a fundamental role in cell function. Regarding the biochemistry of enzymes, which of the following statements is correct? A. Most enzymes can bind and react with a wide range of different substrate molecules. B. Enzymes increase the rate of a spontaneous reaction by lowering the ΔG. C. Enzymes increase the enthalpy (H) of the products compared to the reactants. D. Enzymes increase the number of molecules that get to the transition state.
- 7. To what main enzyme class do the enzymes that catalyze the following reaction belong? (Oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases) со о 8. Label the following as examples of a "lock and key" model or an "induced fit" enzyme model? substrate a. b. tive sihe a. b. yme-bstrate comples11. Compound X permanently bind by covalent bonds to allosteric site of enzyme C thus completely shutdown the reaction enzyme C. Compound X is best predicted as O A. Activator O B. Competitive inhibitor C. Non competitive reversible inhibitor D. Non competitive irreversible inhibitor 12. There are some terminologies used for enzyme's component as shown in Figure 5. Choose the best term for component labelled Y. * Substite26. AN ORGANIC COFACTOR IN A CONJUGATED ENZYME?A. NEITHER VITAMINS NOR MINERALSB. MINERALS C. VITAMINSD. BOTH VITAMINS AND MINERALS 27. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS CONCERNING COFACTORS IS INCORRECT?A. VITAMINS CANNOT BE COFACTORSB. SOME COFACTORS ARE METAL IONS C. COFACTOR IS THE NON-PROTEIN PORTION OF ENZYME D. CONJUGATED ENZYMES CONTAIN COFACTORS 28. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING VITAMINS IS NOT A FAT SOLUBLE VITAMIN? A. VITAMIN E B. VITAMIN C C. VITAMIN A D. VITAMIN D 29. WHAT HAPPENS TO SUBSTRATE MOLECULES AT AN ENZYME ACTIVE SITE?A. ALWAYS REACT WITH OXYGEN B. UNDERGO CHANGE TO A DESIRED PRODUCTS C. BECOME CATALYST C ALWAYS REACT WITH OXYGEN B UNDERGO CHANGE TO A DESIRED PRODUCT D. BECOME COVALENTLY BONDED TO THE ENZYME D. BECOME COVALENTLY BONDED TO THE ENZYME 30. ACTION OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AND ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDE ARE BASED ON?A. REVERSIBLE ENZYME INHIBITOR B. IRREVERSIBLE ENZYME INHIBITOR C. REVERSIBLE ENZYME ACTIVATOR D. IRREVERSIBLE ENZYME ACTIVATOR
- 6. Define: Energy of activation (EA) and tell how enzymes change it. 7. Identify a, b, c, d and e for the Reactions A+B C+D Or C+D A+B C. b. A+B a. е. a. d. C. C+D d. Progress of the Reaction e. Free Energy b.A biochemist wants to determine the effect of inhibitor A to enzyme B which catlyzes the conversion of C to D. The effect of A to the rate of formation of D is shown below: 1. The Km (report to the nearest whole number) for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the absence of inhibitor A is _____ mM. 2. The Km for the enzyme catalyzed reaction in the presence of inhibitor A is ____mM. 3. The Vmax for the enzyme catalyzed reaction in the absence of inhibitor A is ____ mM/min 4. The Vmax for the enzyme catalyzed reaction in the presence of inhibitor A is ____mM/min 5. Inhibitor A is a/an ________ inhibitor of enzyme BEnzymes exhibit substrate specificity (there are no general enzymes). The specificity is due to: a. H bonds between enzymes O b. Michaelis-Menten kinetics O c. the enzyme active site O d. the enzyme catalytic cycle e. cation-translocating ATPases