1. Opine dehydrogenases (ODH) have evolved in invertebrate marine organisms with wide-ranging physiological roles. The first class of this family of enzymes provides an alternative pathway for the lactate dehydrogenase pathway in anaerobic energy production. The lactate dehydrogenase pathway is found in higher organisms and in mammals including humans. One class of opine dehydrogenases catalyzes the reductive coupling of pyruvate to N-a-carboxyalkyl-L-amino acids represented by the re- action below: HO NH₂ + ༠༤ OH ODH HO S སྨིཾནྟཱ པཱ པ ཙཏྟཱ པཱ ཨཡཾ པཱཐ ཊྛཊྛིནཏྟི ཨཱ NAD(P)H NAD(P)* R₁ R OH R₂ where R1 is the side chain of the amino acid, R2 represents the alkyl group of the a-keto acid that is coupled to the amino acid, and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)* are the reduced/oxidized forms of nicotinamide ad- enine dinucleotide phosphate, a cofactor of the enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions. (a): The product of the reaction has two chiral centers as shown: The Ca atom of the amino acid containing the R₁ side chain has an S or L configuration while the Ca atom containing the R2 side chain has an R or D configuration. Using any of the representations of a tetrahedral carbon illustrated below, draw the configurations of the substituents attached to the tetrahedral carbon atoms if both the R1 and R2 side chains are methyl groups. Name the amino acid.
1. Opine dehydrogenases (ODH) have evolved in invertebrate marine organisms with wide-ranging physiological roles. The first class of this family of enzymes provides an alternative pathway for the lactate dehydrogenase pathway in anaerobic energy production. The lactate dehydrogenase pathway is found in higher organisms and in mammals including humans. One class of opine dehydrogenases catalyzes the reductive coupling of pyruvate to N-a-carboxyalkyl-L-amino acids represented by the re- action below: HO NH₂ + ༠༤ OH ODH HO S སྨིཾནྟཱ པཱ པ ཙཏྟཱ པཱ ཨཡཾ པཱཐ ཊྛཊྛིནཏྟི ཨཱ NAD(P)H NAD(P)* R₁ R OH R₂ where R1 is the side chain of the amino acid, R2 represents the alkyl group of the a-keto acid that is coupled to the amino acid, and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)* are the reduced/oxidized forms of nicotinamide ad- enine dinucleotide phosphate, a cofactor of the enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions. (a): The product of the reaction has two chiral centers as shown: The Ca atom of the amino acid containing the R₁ side chain has an S or L configuration while the Ca atom containing the R2 side chain has an R or D configuration. Using any of the representations of a tetrahedral carbon illustrated below, draw the configurations of the substituents attached to the tetrahedral carbon atoms if both the R1 and R2 side chains are methyl groups. Name the amino acid.
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter25: Nitrogen Acquisition And Amino Acid Metabolism
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 16P: A Deficiency on 3-Phosphogtycerate Dehydrogenase Can Affect Amino Acid Metabolism Although serine is...
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