Compare Jitter, Shimmer and Harmonics to Noise Ratio in Terms of the Types of Information Each Provides?

X’s vocalizations were subjectively judged as appropriate in regard to vocal volume, pitch, and quality. Breath support appeared to be unremarkable.

Meister, J., Hagen, R., Shehata-Dieler, W., Kuhn, H., Kraus, F., & Kleinsasser, N. (2017). Pitch elevation in male-to-female transgender persons—the Wurzburg approach. Journal of Voice, 31(2), 244.e1-244.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.07.018

SPLP 635 - Voice Disorders. Voice Disorders is part of the core curriculum in the master’s degree program in speech-language pathology, approved by the American Speech-Language and Hearing Association (ASHA), and the accrediting body for professional training programs in speech-language pathology, CAA-CSD. This graduate level course is designed to provide students with knowledge of normal voice including the vocal parameters of pitch, intensity, quality, resonance and flexibility. Various idiopathic, structural, resonance, neuropathologic, and congenital disorders of voice are addressed in terms of symptomatology, perceptual features, diagnosis, prevention, and intervention. The course provides a survey of voice disorders that students

To assess Jeffrey’s speech sound production, a conversational speech sample was recorded. Jeffrey’s speech sound production was assessed in both known and unknown conversational contexts.

The table above is a frequency table that shows the relative frequency and the percent

Fundamental Tone- The sound produced by the vibration of the vocal folds as a whole unit.

CAPE-V is an auditory method of evaluating voice quality. The CAPE-V was created to provide a consistent scale and consistent parameters for professionals evaluating the voice while also allowing clinicians to identity differences among a client’s voice (Nagle, 2016, 47). Clinicians determine if a person has a voice disorder or if a person has a normal voice. Six voice qualities are specifically examined when a CAPE-V is used; however, the evaluation includes blank lines to allow a clinician to write additional voice features he or she perceives that are not originally listed on the CAPE-V form. Qualities examined by a professional utilizing a CAPE-V are overall severity, roughness, breathiness, pitch, and loudness. A tick mark is placed on a visual analog scale to denote the severity of each vocal quality; the left portion of the scale signifies a normal vocal quality, while the right portion of the scale represents an extreme deviance in voice parameters. The assessment requires the client sustain vowels /a/ and /i/, read six sentences, and speak in a conversational manner to the statement, “Tell me about your voice.” Prolonged vowels enable a clinical to hear a client’s voice with no articulatory influences, speaking the sentences permits a professional to evaluate specific voice qualities, and conversational speech allows a clinician to further assess a client’s voice for abnormalities (Kempster et al., 2009, pp. 126-127). Clinicians agree that

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) is a voice disorder due to central motor processing abnormalities which result in decreased control of the laryngeal muscles (Blitzer, 2010). The idiopathic disorder is characterized by involuntary spasms of the laryngeal muscles controlling vocal fold adduction (National Spasmodic Dysphonia Association, 2012). The dysphonic characteristics presented by patients with ADSD are described as strained, strangled, and effortful due to irregular adductions of the vocal folds and the occlusion of air through the vocal tract during phonation(Blitzer,2010; Cannito, Doiuchi, Murry &Woodson, 2012). Patients with muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) present with similar perceptual vocal characteristics however, treatment for the two disorders is quite different. Speech-language pathologists often have difficulty diagnosing and distinguishing between ADSD, a neurological disorder, and MTD, a functional voice disorder (Rees et al., 2007). Correct diagnosis is important and objective measures, such as spectral analysis, are more sufficient in distinguishing the two disorders(Rees et al., 2007).

Reid argues that working with the dynamics of falsetto development and integration is a lost art, but one that is essential to providing excellent technical training. 10. He advocates working with the singer to produce a pure falsetto, where the only opposition to the cricothyroids (the relevant muscle system) as they perform their pitch regulatory function is provided by the posterior cricoarytenoids. In this arrangement, the vocal folds are maintained in a fully open position, thus permitting the breath to be released unchecked. This hooty, breathy falsetto sound is short in duration, has a fundamental pitch with no overtone content, has no vibrato, depends on the use of an [u] vowel sound exclusively, and is inflexible. With this separation,

Billy is an elderly man who has experienced 'remarkable' vocal changes throughout his life. Long-term growth and development occur as a consequence of hormone secration within the endocrine system. As an individual ages hormone secreation alters, changing how the human body is structured and functions. As a young boy Billy was a falsetto singer in a choir until he endured hormonal changes associated with puberty. He developed a broken tenor which was hard to control as well as his mood. During this period had also developed a larger muscle mass after taking up body building. After he participated in a choir, he engaged in rock and roll and country western singing. The current state his voice is

General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To describe to audience an overview of research- how voice is produced Central Idea: To describe how the voice works and create sound that applies to communication. Introduction: Attention-Getter: Have you ever wonder why each person sound different from another and how you can distinct one person just by hearing them speak? Other: We use our voice everyday, however, we don’t necessarily think about how our voice is produced.

For Commissure advancement, a center strip of the anterior commissure is cut from the thyroid cartilage. The vocal cords are then “detached in the subperichondrial plane, and the cartilage strip is advanced and secured using a metal splint” (American, 2003). A successful surgery tightens and increases tension in the vocal folds. Commissure advancement and endolaryngeal shortening can increase one’s fundamental frequency by 40 to 50 Hz (American,

Muscle tension dysphonia is perceptually characterized by a harsh-hoarse-shrill vocal quality and can range in severity from mild to severe (Dworkin, Meleca, & Abkarian, 2000). Unlike other dysphonias, muscle tension dysphonia is not caused by pathology of the vocal folds, but hyperfunction of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx. The hyperfunction of these muscles is often a manifestation of psychological stressors, since these muscles appear to be highly responsive to emotional triggers. Causal relationships have been determined between muscle tension dysphonia and involved emotional, psychological, and social histories. Muscle tension dysphonia may also occur secondary to an underlying vocal fold pathology. Subsidiary muscle

The Jitterbug is a cellphone which is marketed and designed for older audiences. The product is designed to have simple navigation as to make it easy to use. The advertisement is printed in big font to make it easy to read. It also stresses some of the jitterbugs key features such as its load speakers, big buttons, and helpful operator for forgetful people. The advertisement also mentions that the jitterbug would make a grate emergency phone.

A reciprocatory or an oscillatory motion of an object, disturbed from its state of equilibrium, in a mechanical arrangement is definitive of “Vibration”. The progression of the appearance these vibrations is termed as “frequency”. Repetitive motions which are slight regular and occur at a relatively low frequency are generally called oscillations while, the repetitive signal at higher frequencies with little amplitude and exhibiting unbalanced and haphazard behaviour are nominated under vibrations.