Outline Berthold’s first endocrine experiment. What was the hypothesis?
To outline: The first endocrine experiment conducted by Berthold’s and to explain its hypothesis.
Introduction: Endocrinology is a branch of biology and medicine that deals with the endocrine system of a body. The endocrine system has glands that secrete chemical messengers known as hormones. The hormones control several organs and organ systems of the body. Examples of hormones include insulin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone.
Explanation of Solution
The first endocrinology experiment was conducted by Professor Arnold Adolph Berthold in the year 1849.
The outline of the endocrine experiment is as follows:
Hypothesis: To understand if the blood-borne chemical signal produced by the testes influences both the physical and behavioral characteristics in an adult chicken.
Method: Berthold chose castrated male chickens for the experiment. It was divided into three groups:
Group 1 - Castrated male chickens without any treatments.
Group 2 - Castrated male chickens with their own testes reimplanted.
Group 3 - Castrated male chickens with testes implanted from different chicken. Berthold killed and dissected the chickens after they were matured. The testes from the chickens were also examined.
Results: The observations of Berthold from the experiment were, in Group 1, the chickens grew and developed into capons, with no interest in hens. These chicks lacked aggressive behavior and rooster feathers. Group 2 and 3 chickens behaved and looked the same. Both groups developed male aggressive behavior and rooster plumage. The transplanted testes examined from Group 3 chickens showed that they developed their own blood supply and produced normal functions.
Conclusion: The development of male characteristics in a chicken both physical and behavioral was through a chemical signal carried in the blood and that no nerve supply was essential.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 34 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
- Why has research on endocrine disruption spurred so much debate? What steps do you think could be taken to help establish greater consensus among scientists, industry, regulators, policymakers, and the public?arrow_forwardResearchers designed an observational study to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy investigating whether hormone replacements caused heart disease or cancer. In this experiment, which would NOT be a possible confounding variable? a) History of breast cancer in the family b) The use of birth control pills c) The wealth of women (wealthier more able to afford health insurance) d) Whether women were put into a group taking the medication vs. a group taking a placeboarrow_forwardWhat are the steps involved in synthesis of genetically engineered insulin.arrow_forward
- Please answer this question with the simplest answer and no more than five sentencesarrow_forwardList the advantages of recombinant insulin.arrow_forwardWhich row correctly identifies the hormone and the type of stress associated with the fight-or-flight response? Select one: a. Hormone Stressor ACTH Long-term stress b. Hormone Stressor Epinephrine Short-term stress c. Hormone Stressor Mineralocorticoids Long-term stress d. Hormone Stressor Cortisol Short-term stressarrow_forward
- Name the genetically engineered human Insulin?arrow_forwardThe subject who was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism was given levothyroxine (synthetic T4). After 2 months of treatment, her TSH values decreased by 96.38 % and her T4 levels increased by 879.4 %. Explain why her TSH levels decreased and T4 increased.arrow_forwardWrite a summary on Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) of Androgen? Or write a short note on SAR of Androgen? Please write at your own words. Answer should be specific (8-10)linesarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education